Research On The Fabrications Of PbSe And PbS Nanomaterials By Sonochemical And Sonoelectrochemical Methods

Nanomaterial and nanotechnology are known as "the most promising material" and "the most decisive technology" in the 21st century, respectively. Nanomaterial discipline has invaded optics, electrics, magnetics, biology, and pharmaceutics fields. Smiconductor nanomaterials affected by quantum size and dielectric confinement effects show different characteristics from those of conventional semiconductor materials, which means potential applications in microelectronic devices and communications. Especially, PbSe and PbS semiconductor nanomaterials can be good candidates in infrared light detection and infrared laser because of their outstanding features such as a large Bohr radius (PbS 18nm, PbSe 46nm), a high dielectric constant and excellent nonlinear optical properties.Sonochemistry is a novel method in the preparation of nanomaterials. On the basis of chemical method, ultrasound is added, using ultrasonic wave to control the size and morphology of nanoparticles. This method with simple equipments, fast reactions and less pollution can effectively control the size, shape and distribution of nanomaterials. Thus it has gradually become an effective method in the preparation of nanomaterials.This paper includes two parts: the first one will introduce concepts, basic effects, preparation methods, characterization methods of nanomaterial. Then the principle of sonochemical method and its applications in the preparation of nanomaterials will be illustrated. The second part is the research works, i.e., further exploration in experiments by changing some parameters. At the beginning, PbSe nanoparticles was prepared by using sonochemical and sonoelectrochemical methods, respectively. Then the results were analyzed to distinguish the differences between these two methods. The influences from different reaction times, reaction temperatures, different complexants and PH values during the whole process on the results were also analyzed. In addition, sonochemical method was used in preparation of PbS nanorods. By comparing the experimental results, the best reaction time was found and the dispersant characteristic of polyethylene glycol in the preparation of nanomaterials was verified.