Mineral Composition And Source Apportionment Of Atmospheric Particulate Matter In Jiaozuo City

Atmospheric particulate matter is inhomogeneous compound with multiphase aggregates, and an entirety which is aggregated by many single particles with different chemical composition. It significantly affects human health, visibility, climate and ecosystem. In this paper, this research focuses on the atmospheric particles of high-tech district in Jiaozuo city. The samples of multi-level particles, inhalable particles (PM₁₀) and PM2.5 are collected in October, 2009, January, October December, 2010.Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) are adopted to analyze the morphology, X-ray energy dispersive characteristics, mineral and element composition of atmospheric particles sampled in this district. And, in the end, the SPSS statistics software and principle component analysis (PCA) are applied to apportion the source of PM₁₀. The research results show that:(1) The morphology of atmospheric particles in Jiaozuo city can be classified into eight types: spherical fly ash particles, pencil-like aggregates, columnar shape particles, irregular particles, cluster-like, tabular-like, floccule-like and chain-like aggregates. Sixteen elements are detected after the analysis on some particles with typical morphology using EDX. The minerals such as calcite, quartz, aluminosilicate, gypsum and corundum are identified. Mineral particles are classified into 4 types: Si-rich, Ca-rich, S-rich and Al-rich based on mineral particles classification method.(2)The XRD results show that sixteen minerals are identified in the atmospheric particles. They are quartz, calcite, aluminosilicate, halite, dolomite, ammonium chloride, corundum, manganese dioxide, gypsum, copper sulfide, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, silicon crystal, hematite and anatase, respectively. The semi-qualitative result shows that the percent of alumnosilicate and quartz is relatively high.(3) The daily concentrations of PM₁₀ sampled in November December, 2010,vary from 190 to 670μg/m³, surpassing the national secondary standard 0.26³.46 times. It illustrates that the severity of air pollution in Jiaozuo city. The daily concentrations of Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb are detected by using EDXRF. The result shows that, the sum of the fifteen elements mass accounts for 17.3³6.7% of particles, Si and Al have the relatively high percent. The source apportionment result illustrates that there are four pollution sources: architecture/smelting action (34.4%), coal combustion/traffic action (31.6%), soil dust (15.0%) and particular industrial action (7.5%) according to their variance contributions.