Study On Rural Environmental Quality Composite Evaluation Models

Rural environment is the basic condition of residents'life and development. Environmental damage and pollution in rural areas not only seriously affected the lives of rural residents and health, but also directly restrict the entire country and regional development.In order to create conditions for sustainable development of rural society,it must protect the rural environment. Correct and objective evaluation of rural environmental quality is the key to rural environmental remediation work and the premise to socio-economic coordinated development.This paper based on the theoretical study, tries to establish rural environmental quality evaluation index system from three aspects:the quality of rural living environment, the quality of the rural ecological environment and rural available resources. Through analysising the single factor evaluation, multi-factor evaluation, comprehensive index and other methods depthly, all levels of indicators evaluation model been established. Using RS and GIS technology and TianZhen County as examples of evaluation model for research and evaluation.It proposed corresponding pollution control measures. Based on this, the main research results are as follows:(1) Systematic Methodology:based on the ecological economics, sustainable development theory and orther theories established rural environmental quality evaluation models, the use of GIS & RS technologies, applications of the model proposed by TianZhen carried out on rural environmental quality evaluating, this paper put forward from the theoretical basis, modeling building, technology realizating to model validation methodology.(2) The establishment of indicator system:There are 3 sub-systems, nine integrated indicators, twenty-five category integrated indicators and a number of basic indicators in index system of environmental quality in rural areas.(3) Comprehensive evaluation model:established all the indicators mathematical model of environmental quality indicator system in rural areas, including rural living environment subsystem, eco-environment subsystems and available resources subsystem. Model of rural living environment in which is the first time was proposed. Rural living environment, including socio-economic development models, model of the residents living conditions, agricultural production model.(4) Evaluation methods applied to establish models:multi-factor evaluation method was applied to establish rural socio-economic development model, residents living environment evaluation model, clean energy evaluation model, agricultural production environment evaluation model, rural living environment model and other multi-factor evaluation model; double weight evaluation method was applied to establish drinking water exceeding rate model; Nemerow (NLNemerow) Evaluation method was applied to establish agricultural irrigation water Nemero (NLNemerow) exponential model.The model highlighted the pollutants'typicality and comprehensiveness.(5) GIS & RS technology, a comprehensive application:using GIS technology, the basic data vectorization, the study area and watershed slope extraction generation, using RS technology of remote sensing image interpretation, using cluster analysis of classify complex grid data, powerful spatial analysis, density mapping, neighborhood statistics and graphics performance of GIS functions were applied to achieve analysis and calculation of all levels of targets model and express the results directly and accurate at the same time.(6) Confirmatory study:Choose Tianzhen County Shanxi Province as the research object, study on the rural environment quality evaluation index system and model for empirical research. Verify the correctness and practicality of the evaluation model and operability of model implementation techniques. Also, for rural environmental problems, environmental protection measures and technique are discussed.