Study On The Impact Of Grazing On The Lake Beach Plant Communities And Soil Physical And Chemical Properties

Wetland ecosystem is closely related to human survival and development. It plays a huge environmental regulation and ecological benefits, and also provides a variety of resources. Wetland ecosystems is irreplaceable. Wetland ecosystem is known as the kidney of the globe. As an important component of wetland, lake beach is an important available land resources. In china, lake beach is with the large area, distribution of relative concentration, good location conditions, great potential for comprehensive development. Research of wetlands are of great significance to development and utilization and environmental protection.Beach with a variety of purposes, reclamation has been the main form of beach use. In China, promoting and encouraging people to use of beach reclamation, expanson of cultivated area, and then it can be used for planting.However, as the abuse of reclamation of people around, causes serious water pollution,and serious siltation.In recent years, grazing activities gradually flourished in coastal wetlands, and it had a great impact on the beach plant communities and soil properties.Animals, either directly or indirectly on plants for food, thus the survival of plants (or the quality of life) produced a strong negative impact. Such as animal trampling can alter soil physical and chemical properties, the ultimate impact of plants on soil nutrient and water use efficiency, grazing animals can damage the photosynthetic organs of plants, long-term impacts on plant becomes low, the vegetation becomes sparse.In this study, beach plant communities, plant species composition, soil properties, soil enzyme activity were studied, and based on the study, the measures for beach restoration were proposed.The main results are as follows:(1) The major component of plants of beach communities is Bermudagrass communitiy and community of Nymphoides peltatum. According to the survey, plant height, coverage, frequency, density, species diversity and biomass tendency of grazing areas were lower than in control areas obvious; Analysis on theplant nutrition elements of nitrogen, phosphorus of experimental areas, in the control area total plants nitrogen and phosphorus contents were higher than grazing zone, grazing activities on the plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus content of the body is evident. Description overgrazing herbivorous animals there is a big plant on the tidal influence. It shows that grazing activity has significant effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus content of plants. Over-grazing on the beach has great influence on plants.(2) Analysis of the experimental zone of soil properties, found that soil water content conductivity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter content in grazing areas were lower than that in the control area. Among them, the nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter were correlated.(3) Detection of soil urease, arylsulfatase, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity, found that grazing area and control area vary widely.Analysis of soil respiration, the results show that soil respiration is higher in the control area than in grazing area.(4) Based on the above results, grazing activities had a great impact on the plant communities and soil properties. For more rational development and use of beaches, a series of tidal wetlands restoration were taken in some experimental areas.The results showed that in the repairedarea, plant height, coverage, biomass and diversity have increased; soil nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter content showed seasonal changes, but in general the rise; the nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter content decreased in around water.It shows in the experimental area plant grow well and it can block part of nitrogen and phosphorus in lake organic matter, constitute the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus "trap". But the restoration works still have some issues that require further study and discussion.