Synthesis, Doping And Photocatalytic Properties Of Tin Oxide Nano-particles With Different Morphologies

As an important fuctional semi-conductor material,nano-structured SnO₂ aroused much interests and was extensively studied for its outstanding optical,electrical,catalytic,gas sensing,pressure sensing,heat sensing and moisture sensing properties and so on.In recent years,many researchers tried to study the photocatalytic properties and have done much fruitful work on it.This paper offers an elaborate review on the synthesis techniques and progress in property studies and applications of SnO₂.The mechanisms of semi-conductor photocatalysis,the main factors affecting photocatalytic properties of semiconductor photocatalyst and applications in environmental cleaning of semi-conductor photocatalyst are briefly summarized and reviewed in this paper.SnO₂ nanoparticles with different controllable morphologies were synthesized through hydrothermal and solvothermal method.The routes to control the morphology of tin oxide through using different raw materials,undergoing different solvothermal durations,introducing different surfactants and centrifuge were studied and discussed.Antimony doped tin oxides were furtherly synthesized through hydrothermal and solvothermal routes and the photocatalytic properties of the products were characterized.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction(XRD),Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy(UV-vis AS).The main results are as follows:1.Tin oxides of 4～15nm in size and tin oxide nano-spheres of aroud 60nm in diameters accumulated by tin oxide nano-powders of around 10nm in size were synthesized through hydrothermal method.2.Tin oxides of rutile structure with different aspect ratios were obtained through sovothermal route.a) As for using different raw materials:Tin oxide nano-crystals with aspect ratios of 27,4 and 2 were obtained when SnCl₄·5H₂O,oleic acid,dodecylamine;SnCl₄·5H₂O,oleic acid,dodecylamine,H₂O and SnCl₄·5H₂O,salicylic acid,dodecylamine;were used as three group of different starting materials respectively. O-dimensional tin oxide nano-crystals could be synthesized using SnCl₄·5H₂O,oleic acid,triethanolamine as starting materials.b) As for introducing different surfactants:While SnCl₄·5H₂O,oleic acid,dodecylamine were used as raw materials,and Polyethylene Glycol 6000(PEG),trioctylphosphine oxide(TOPO) and polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether(OP) respectively were introduced as surfactants,SnO₂ nano-crystals with aspect ratios of 7, 2.1,1.6,1.5 were obtained respectively.c) As for different durations of solvothermal treatment:While durations of solvothermal treatment varied from 5h to 10h and to 20h,the aspect ratio of obtained tin oxide nano-crystals varied from 27 to 10 and to 2.3.After 40h of solvothermal treatment,what could be obtained were 0-dimensional tin oxide nano-crystals.d) As for centrifuge:Tin oxide nano-crystals with different aspect ratios coud be obtained through centrifuge under different rotate speed.