Road Construction's Effects On Soil Environmental And Landscape

The eco-environmental effect of road construction is one of the hot issues of Land Science, Soil Science and Landscape Ecology.The road construction developed the huge impetus function to the region economy. But along with road total course rapid increase and large-scale construction, The road to the environment pollution, and so on the negative influence more and more obvious appearance comes out to the ecology destruction.This research selects the Qixia City and North Lijin County,Dongying City,Shandong Province the area as the research areas.Take remote sensing, geographic information system, global positioning system as technical support method to study the highway construction from macroscopic and the microscopic two aspects to the land use and the soil environment influence.First, on the support of 3S system,select the Qixia City,Shandong Province for the object of study. Evaluate and analyze the land-use changes and extending effects caused by road construction in mountainous area at county level. The paper studied the results as follows:(1) The average elevation and the slope at buffers of both side of road in country territory demonstrates that, the research area belongs to the elevation to be low, slope big region. The road both sides farming, the field and the construction are big with the place proportion, belong to the land utilization degree quite big region. The land utilization degree of contribution and the land utilization structural change has manifested in for 16 year 3 time sections the land utilization change tendency.It indirect reflects 3 time section economical growth level. The farming uses the proportion to other which the type shifts to be big. Field and the construction grows obviously with the place area.In transportation along the route various buffers, the land utilization degree composite index reduces along with the distance increase land utilization degree. The land utilization composite index is bigger than other times far in 2003 0-400m buffer.(2) Because since 90's economic development fast growth, the research area land utilization road effect mainly manifests in the construction uses the place in the extending effect. 1997-2003 year is the construction uses the place the expansion intensity greatest time. The extending effect mainly manifests in the 0-1000m buffer.(3)The use of patch density, largest patch index, landscape shape index, fractal dimension and landscape dominance index of township roads and highways 1000m buffer zone changes in landscape pattern analysis have shown that, From 1987 to 2003 patch density in the region has increased.The landscape shape index of the land-use types have increased. The Shapes of the patch types have become more and more complex.(4)The characteristics of road network and the impact of landscape pattern have shown that, Network characteristics of the indices of human disturbance factor is positive correlation with the terrain factor is the negative correlation.The plaque fragmentations of landscape types increased significantly. The degree of fragmentation of the garden plot is the largest. The plaque shape has been more and more inerratic. After the road split,the plaque density and the road density have very significantly positive linear relationship.The fractal dimension and the road density have very significantly Negative linear relationship.Next, selecting the North Lijin County,Dongying City, Shandong Province for the object of the study. Evaluate and analyze the distribution and assessment of heavy metals in soils along the road in the Yellow River Delta.The paper studied the results as follows:(1) In the soil of both sides road,heavy metal content has nearly all surpassed the soil background value. Namely in the road both sides 300m soil all appeared the heavy metal pollution. The soil heavy metal content appears the remarkable peak value in the 40-50m scope, not in most approaches the path the position. This is creates by the wind power and the pollutant nature. After the peak value appears, the soil heavy metal content starts to have the drop tendency. From path 300m Cu, Pb, Cd content close soil background value.(2) The average content of Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn in soils alone zhe road is 33.65mg?kg-1, 3.82mg?kg-1, 46.62mg?kg-1, 17.02mg?kg-1, 235.63mg?kg-1 respectively,which is 1.15,1.16,1.69,1.17 and 2.12 times of the soil background values of zhe study area. Pb,Cd and Zn content is close with the path volume of traffic relations. The traffic flow magnitude biggest B road section content is highest, the traffic flow magnitude smallest C road section content is lowest.(3) In entire road section single item pollution index appraisal, each kind of heavy metal pollution degree order is Zn > Cr > Cu > Cd > Pb.Pb,Cd,Cr and Cu are all at light pollution level,Zn is at middle pollution level. In various road sections single item pollution index appraisal, eliminates C the road section Cu content to belong to the non-pollution level, other various road sections have the varying degree the heavy metal pollution.(4) In the synthesis pollution index appraisal, 3 road section pollution degree orders are B> A> C, the entire road section synthesis pollution index is 1.82, belongs to the light pollution level.