Study On The Landscape Change And Its Ecological Effects In Kangbao

Landscape is the carrier of human life,All the social activities of human and economic activities are certain to carry out the regional landscape. Human activity is the formation of the landscape, Construction management of natural and artificial patch mosaic composed of an important driving force. Human beings are the primary driving force for landscape change, this also led to the current ecological crisis(Naveh,1995) . Change of landscape pattern is the evaluation of landscape ecology, landscape management, eco-design basis.In particular, a fragile ecological environment in the region, In the region to promote the improvement of ecological environment and sustainable development has an important theoretical and practical significance.Kangbao County is located in Bashang plateau of Hebei Province, is the agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China the middle of a typical region and typical of the fragile ecological environment in the district. So Study the landscape pattern change, and to explore the factors driving force of change and the ecological effects, for improving the ecological environment in this area, fully understand the pros and cons of human activities, promote the rational use of resources in Bashang region, the protection of ecological and food security is undoubtedly of great significance.This article based on three remote sensing image Landsat-TM/ETM in 1987,2000,2005. From the view of the integrated physical geography, landscape ecology , with the support of remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS) technology and so on, combined with the regional characteristics of kangbao country, analysised the changes in landscape pattern of kangbao country, qualitative analysised the driving force of change of landscape pattern in the region, finally ,combined with climate weather data, field measured data and relevant information, analysised the ecological effects of Landscape pattern changes. The results showed that:(1)In 1987,Arable land, grassland, land for construction purposes are the main landscape types in this region; In 2000, Arable land, grassland, forest and construction land are the main landscape types in this region; In 2005,the same as 2000.By the contrast of the area of different types of landscape in these three years, we can see: the area of arable land steadily decline, woodland, grassland showed a substantial increase, especially this region has a dramatic change in 2000-2005, construction land area showed an increasing trend, an area of unused land to reduce the increase.(2)Based on the analysis of the single type of land use dynamic degree model and the integrated dynamic model of land use, the region has the larger speed of the overall landscape changes. 18 years,the woodlands and grasslands have a certain growth rate, especially in 2000 to 2005,the dynamic degree of woodland is 38.48%, the dynamic degree of grassland is 8.47%, construction land is also a certain degree of increase, However, changes in less than woodland and grassland, Steady decline in arable land, the dynamic degree is - 4.69%.(3)Through the analysis of the transfer matrix of landscape types,we can see: Substantial reduction in arable land's area, a significant increase in Woodland and grassland's area, construction land, unused land has increased to some extent, the waters continued to decrease in size. The main transfer of landscape types are arable land - grassland, arable land - forest, woodland– grassland, and these landscape types are of each other into a two-way.(4)Use the andscape pattern indices to analysis the kangbao country's changes in landscape pattern, the results show that: 1987—2005, elements of the landscape patch in kangbao country, the number of arable land, forest land, construction land, unused land increase, the number of grassland,water has a small reduction;1987—2000,the average patch area of arable land, woodland, unused land go to the small-scale, increasing fragmentation; the patch of grassland and land for construction go to the big-scale. At the landscape level, the number of patches and density increase;SHDI, SHEI increase, D decrease; It said County Mingkang the distribution of the elements of the landscape is becoming even,and landscape heterogeneity increased.(5)The basic drivers of Landscape pattern changes were Natural factors and demographic factors before 2000;after 2000, Policy factors are the main factors.(6)Changes in landscape pattern in turn affects the production of the natural environment and human activities, In this paper,we use the field measured data to analysis the impact of changes in landscape pattern (returning farmland to forest or grassland) to the soil region, the results show that: To some extent, Returning farmland to forest and grass can improve soil nutrient levels, played a better ecological effect of soil; And to mitigate soil erosion has played a positive role; In addition, Changes in landscape pattern will also affect the region's climate and the types of living creature.