Determination Of The Some Antibiotics, γ-Globulin And Nucleic Acid By Resonance Rayleigh Scattering And Resonance Non-linear Scattering Technique With CdX(X=S, Se, Te) Quantum Dots As Probes

Resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS) and resonance non-linear scattering(RNLS) are new technologies developed in 1990s.RRS is related to both the compelled vibration of electrons in molecule and the electronic energy level transitions under the effect of the incident light electromagnetic field.Therefore it can offer more information about molecular structure and conformation,charge distribution,linkage nature as well as the reaction characteristics and so on.More attention has been paid to RRS methods,since it is very sensitive and simple.It has been also applied in the characterization and analysis of nanoparticles.Quantum dots(QDs),also called semiconductor nanocrystals which have been exploited a new class of fluorescent probes in recent years.QDs have unique optical properties including size-dependent tunable photoluminescence,broad excitation spectra,narrow emission bandwidths,and good photostability in comparion with traditional organic dyes.Luminescence properties of QDs are closely related to the nature of their surface,so QDs have gained increasing attention in fluorescence spectra analysis during the past two decades.,but their application in resonance Rayleigh scttering spectra has not been received wide interest.In this article,a new approach for quantitative determiantion of some aminoglycoside antibiotics(AGs),γ-globulin and Herring sperm DNA(hsDNA) and Torula yeast RNA(tyRNA) was developed by the resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering technique using the CdX(X=S,Se,Te) quantum dots as a probe.1 Determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics by resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering technique using CdS quantum dots as a probeIn pH 6.59 Britton-Robinson(BR) buffer medium,the CdS quantum dots (CdS-QDs) capped thioglycolic acid(TGA) could react with aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) such as etimicin sulfate(ETM),neomycin sulfate(NEO) and streptmycin sulfate (STP) to form the larger aggregates by virtue of electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic force,which resulted in the great enhancements of intensity of RRS and RNLS such as second-order scattering(SOS) and frequency doubling scattering(FDS). At the same time,the new RRS spectra appeared and the maximum scattering wavelengths were located at 310 nm for RRS,568 nm for SOS and 320 nm or 390 nm for FDS,respectively.The enhancements of scattering intensity(⊿I) were directly proportional to the concentration of AGs in a certain ranges.The detection limits(3σ) were 1.6 ng/mL(ETM),1.7 ng/mL(NEO) and 4.4 ng/mL(STP) by RRS method,were 2.1 ng/mL(ETM),5.2 ng/mL(NEO) and 20.9 ng/mL(STP) by SOS method and were 2.7 ng/mL(ETM),4.4 ng/mL(NEO) and 25.7 ng/mL(STP) by FDS method,respectively. The sensitivity of RRS method was higher than SOS and FDS methods,So taking RRS method as an example,the effect of reaction conditions and some foreign substances on the determination of AGs by RRS method were studied.Base on it,a sensitive simple, rapid and new method for detection of AGs by CdS-QDs probe was developed,as well as it was successfully applied to the determination of AGs for human serum samples and uric samples with satisfactory results.2 Determination of polymyxin B by resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering technique using CdSe quantum dots as a probeIn pH 6.59 HAc-NaAc buffer medium,the CdSe quantum dots(CdSe-QDs) capped thioglycolic acid(TGA) could react with polymyxin B sulfate(PMB) to form the larger aggregates by virtue of electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic force, which resulted in the great enhancements of intensities of RRS and RNLS such as second-order scattering(SOS) and frequency doubling scattering(FDS).The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS,SOS and FDS of the reaction system were located at 310 nm,548 nm and 391 nm,respectively.The enhancements of scattering intensity(⊿I) were directly proportional to the concentration of PMB in a certain ranges.The detection limits(3σ) were 16 ng/mL(RRS),53 ng/mL(SOS),26 ng/mL(FDS), respectively.The sensitivity of RRS method was higher than SOS and FDS methods.So taking RRS method as an example,the effect of reaction conditions and some foreign substances on the determination of polymyxin B by RRS method were studied,the result showed that the method was high sensitivity and good selectivity.Base on it,a sensitive simple,efficient and new method for determination of PMB by CdSe-QDs as a probe was developed,as well as it was successfully applied to the quick determination of PMB for human serum samples and uric samples with satisfactory results.3 Determination ofγ-globulin by resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering technique using CdTe quantum dots as a probeIn pH 5.0 Britton-Robinson(BR) buffer medium,the CdTe quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) capped thioglycolic acid(TGA) could react withγ-globulin to form the larger aggregates by virtue of electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic force,which resulted in the great enhancements of intensities of RRS and RNLS such as second-order scattering(SOS) and frequency doubling scattering(FDS).The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS,SOS and FDS of the reaction system were located at 289 nm,548 nm and 391 nm,respectively.The enhancements of scattering intensity(⊿I) were directly proportional to the concentration ofγ-globulin in a certain range.The detection limits(3σ) were 18 ng/mL for RRS method,28 ng/mL for SOS method and 53 ng/mL for FDS method,respectively.The sensitivity of RRS method was higher than SOS and FDS methods.Taking RRS method as an example,the effect of reaction conditions and some foreign substances on the determination ofγ-globulin by RRS method were studied,the results showed that the method was simple,high sensitivity and good selectivity.In addition,the reaction mechanism was discussed.4 Determination of herring sperm DNA and torula yeast by resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering technique with CdSe quantum dots as a probeIn pH 6.2 Britton-Robinson(BR) buffer medium,the CdTe quantum dots (CdSe-QDs) capped by mercaptoethylamine(CA) could react with herring sperm DNA (hsDNA) and torula yeast(tyRNA) to form the larger aggregates by virtue of electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic force,which resulted in the great enhancements of intensities of RRS and RNLS such as second-order scattering(SOS) and frequency doubling scattering(FDS).The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS,SOS and FDS of the reaction system were located at 353 nm,627 nm and 391 nm,respectively.The enhancements of scattering intensity(⊿I) were directly proportional to the concentration of hsDNA and tyRNA in a certain range.The detection limits of hsDNA and tyRNA(3σ) were 37 ng/mL and 120 ng/mL for RRS method,398 ng/mL and 747 ng/mL for SOS method,90 ng/mL and 310 ng/mL for FDS method,respectively.The sensitivity of RRS method was higher than SOS and FDS methods.Taking RRS method as an example,the effect of reaction conditions and some foreign substances on the determination of hsDNA and tyRNA were studied, the result showed that the method was simple,high sensitive and good selectivity. Based on this,we developed the new methods to determinate hsDNA and tyRNA using resonance Rayleigh scattering method.