Synthesis Of Alkylbenzene-Oligomeric Surfactants

This dissertation presented the synthesis of alkylbenzene sulfonates–Gemini surfactant which conducted a study on the following work.It was put forward that synthesis of n-dodecylbenzene by the lauroyl chloride reaction with dodecanoic acid and thionyl chloride (1:2 molar ratio),the laurophenone reaction with lauroyl chloride and aluminium chloride and benzene (1:2:8.4 molar ratio and reacted for 9 hours under 80℃),and the Huang Minglon deoxidization with laurophenone and hydrazine hydrate,respectively.Having purified the resultants with vaccum distillation and recrystalizaton,it was certain that the yield of final product could be reached to 59.2%,and the final product was linear dodecylbenzene by 1HNMR spectrum characterization.The twin dodecylbenzene intermediate compounds were prepared by Friedel-crafts cylation with dodecylbenzene as reactant and adipoyl chloride and sebacoyl chloride as connected group over catalysts HY and AlCl3, accordingly. The experimental result was that catalysis of AlCl3 with reaction temperature between 0℃and 5℃could be better than one of zeolite catalyst HY with reaction temperature above 130℃.The other preparation methods were also explored. Such as the Friedel-crafts cylation with dodecylbenzene and isophthaloyl dichloride over catalyst AlCl3, as well as the Friedel-crafts cylation with 4-Dodecylaniline and paraformaldehyde or formaldehyde over acidic or alkaline catalysts, respectively, but it was certained that these synthesis were unsuccessful because their products were so complexed that compounds couldn't be explained by HNMR spectrums.Having comparatively studed different synthesis routes, a successful preparation of bidodecylbenzene sulfonates Gemini surfactant was gotted by the Friedel-crafts cylation with dodecylbenzene or n- dodecylbenzene reacting with oxalyl dichloride over catalyst AlCl3 in cooling wate for 1.5 hours, and then products treatment by water washing, desiccation, vaccum distillation, and sulfonation with oleum, neutralization with sodium hydroxide and recrystalizaton in 10% ethanol, respectively.