| Eco-civilization is an inevitable Product of the historical development of human society and productive force when they reach certain stage,which refers to the overall cultural achievement that realizes the susta1nab1e development of and harmony among nature,human,and social environment. As an advanced form of human civilization,eco-civilization is an innovative and particular condition of the human-nature relation; It is the crystallization of thoughts and wisdom when the human civi1ization undergoes the high development of science and techno1ogy and the promotion of information age. It includes,in a narrower sense,the more civi1ized and less barbarous way in treatment with Nature; furthermore,through the cultural values,ways of production,styles of living,and social structure,it also embodies in a broader sense a new perspective on the human-nature relation.Water is base for maintaining healthy and sustainable development in river ecosystems. Owing to unreasonable utilization of water resources in recent years, a large amount of water to be used for ecological and environmental protection was utilized for human economic development. As aresult, lots of eco-environmental problems were caused in the Dongting Lake basin, which include non-runoff in river, sandlization for riverbed, ecological deterioration, decreasing area of wetland and biological diversity, over-exploitation of groundwater resources, decrease of water input to sea, and ecological degradation in estuary. For the purpose of alleviating the eco-environmental status, it is very necessary to do some researches focusing on ecological water requirement (EWR) in the basin. Two research fields should be focused. One is to do theoretical researches in the aspect of EWR in the basin to disclose processes and principles of EWR. Another one is do some water resource allocation research considering both ecological environment and economic development to provide theoretical basis and suggestions for reasonable allocating water resources and recovering the ecological functions of the rivers, wetland, and other kinds of vegetation in the basin.Main research contents and conclusions were drawn from the following aspects.1. Based on the analysis of components, functions and properties of basin ecological systems, EWR was defined in the point of view of ecological system function. Different types of EWR were partitioned according to the arrangement structure of ecological systems. Then, based on ecological health, indices impacting EWR were analyzed, and impacts of reservoirs of river ecosystem and EWR were disclosed. Levels of river channels were divided as a whole of system. Then, difference of EWR was discussed according to levels of river channels.2. Watershed land-based systems integration analysis showed that the urban, agricultural, forest and grassland ecological water demand were 0.56×10~8,0.5×10~8,1.58×10~8and 0.13×10~8m~3/a, the total water demand of land-based ecosystems was 2.77×10~8m~3/a. Watershed water system integration analysis showed that the river water, the basic ecological, transport, water evaporation and wetland ecological water requirements were 6.12×10~8,0.39×10~8,0.13×10~8and 7.56×10~8m~3/a, the total water demand of water ecosystems was1.42×10~8m~3/a.The total ecological water demand in the Dongting Lake basin was 16.97×10~8m~3/a.
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