| Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.alias grapefruit,pomelo,shaddock. Citrus is one of the Rutaceae Citrus L.,belongs to the Citrus grandis (L.)Osbeck.The root,leaf and pericarp can be made into medicine.They were used to promote digestion,eliminate sputum,regulating vital energy, eliminating stagnationt,etc.The flowers,leaves and pericarp can be used to distill volatile oil.The pericarp has the efficacy of "relax intestines, eliminate sputum and relieve cough",and can be used to cure abdominal flatulence with gas stagnation,stomachache,cough,asthma,hernia-ache and so on.This paper based on a great deal of literature and did the research on the pectin and flavone's extraction,purification and analysis. Grope for the technics of the pectin,flavones and organic manure's preparation which based on the raw material.Achieve the goal of grapefruits' pericarp's intensive processes and compositive exploiture, offer the experimental basis and foundation for the completely and environmental exploit in the grapefruit and make economy profit maximize.The following researches have been carried out in four aspects:1.The extraction,separation and purification of the pectin. Optimized the extraction of the pectin from the pericarp,the acid aqueous solution adjusted the pH to 2,the extraction was carried out for 1 hour, the liquid-solid ratio(v/w)was 5:1 mL·g-1,the pectin's yield from freshness pericarp was 14.90%.The content of the G.A.from the extraction measured by the carbazole-sulfuricacid chromogenic reaction was 74.38%,when the pectin measured by refraction was 1.60%;the content of the G.A.in the penetrate liquid determined by the carbazole-sulfuricacid chromogenic reaction was 79.38%,when the pectin measured by the refraction method was 2.91%.Purified and concentrated the pectin solution by membrane equipment.The pectin which was concentrated by the membrane equipment sprayed drying directness to be pectin powder.The key technical indexes of the pectin powder were according to the National Standard. 2.Appraisal and analyse of the flavonoid which was extracted from grapefruit's pericarp.Qualitative analysis by the chromogenic reaction was carried out to the flavonoid which was extracted from grapefruit's pericarp.The content of the flavone was determined by spectrophotometry. Got the standard curve by comparing to naringin standard: A=-0.0015+51.964×C,A was the absorbency,C was the concentration of the naringin after diluted(mg·mL-1).It has good linearity when the concentration of the naringin was between 0.0028 and 0.014 mg·mL-1, R=0.99977,P＜0.001,RSD=2.8%(n=5)3.Selected different resin to learn the behavior of the adsorption and the desorption of the effluent which yield from the membrane equipment, the result of the test showed when the effluent treated with YWD-06C resin,the capacity of the resin was 60 BV·mL-1,the adsorbance of the resin was 70.08g·L-1.When the flavonoid was desorbed with 70%alcohol, 4BV alcohol can desorbed it all,desorption coefficient was 91.7%,the reclaim rate was 87.6%.The effluent treated with fixity,the naringin in the effluent fell from 1.23 to 0.049 mg·mL-1,the pH of the liquid was 1.97,it contains 1.0%sugar.The liquid can be ultilized circulatory.4.The preparation of organic manure.Using the grapefruit pericarp residue which extracted pectin and then as the raw material to aerobic compost,combined with modern biotechnology to handle the organic residue efficiently,added highly active culture for fermentation,adjusted the pH,added urea as nutrient substance to promote absorption,improve ferment condition,ensure the best environment condition for the culture's biological activity,shorten the time of aerobic fermentation.Utilize the solid waste to produce organic fertilizer by microorganism biodegradation. The main index of granulated organic fertilizer satisfied the National Agriculture Standard.
|
PDF Full Text Request