On The Theory Of The Object Of Environmental Impact Assessment

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) system is one important system of our environmental protection laws. The legal system has established a new decision-making mechanism, which has renewed the traditional idea and embodied a new way of public decision-making in modern society. This is a kind of democratic and scientific decision-making mechanism. The target of EIA is to protect environment from the sourc and restrict the unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources. But the object of EIA is one critical problem of influencing the effect of EIA. The range of the object of EIA is the key to determine whether this system could show effective adequately.The determination of the object of EIA has decisive significance to realize the purposes of EIA. If the range isn't fit and comprehensive, that will lost the practical significance of EIA. To research the determination of the object of EIA is a prerequisite to make the object of EIA scientific, and a need to realize the purposes of EIA, to construct harmonious society and to realize the sustainable development of economy and environment.The object of EIA is a complex and turbulent system of human behavior. This paper makes theoretical investigation, defines the concept, and discusses classification and connotation characteristics of the object of EIA, which is based on the understanding of the research status both at home and abroad, and puts forward the guiding ideology to determine the object of EIA which includes four principles as follows, adaptation for development of economy and society, feasibility in science and technology, prevention of environmental hazards and integration of hierarchy and comprehensiveness. On base of the theory of Sustainable development, systematic theory, recycling economy and risk assessment for health, this paper puts forward the range of the object of EIA which should comprise microscopic and macroscopic human activities. Some factors should be considered such as economic and social development, scientific and technical development, foreign practices as well as the level of people's environmental awareness.At last, this paper reviews the object of EIA of our country in detail,and analyses the defects, and puts forward some proposals that we should bring macroscopic policy, production method and life style, the talking of the national leaders into the scope of the object of EIA in China so as to perfect Chinese EIA Law.