The Studies On Comprehensive Utilization Of Diosgenin Solid Waste

The residue of Yam after extracted saponin is a kind of Solid Waste, This untreated residue not only occupy a large of land, finally possiblly enter into the soil and damage the ecological balance, come into the water through runoff and seriously pollute the Surrounding water. Also because of its small particles, loose volume, low Energy density and other feathers, waste residues can pollute the atmospheric with dust pollution. Thus it is of great significance for its Comprehensive Utilization.This text is based on its characteristics of containing a large mount of cellulose, the author used it for the solid state fermentation of cellulose enzyme and simultaneously studied on its pretreatment to transform into sugar, investigated and explore the possibility of producing ethanol and fermenting protein feed. The results are as follows.(1) Study on the components of the traditional process saponin residue, the new process saponin residue and raw materials of Yam. The saponin residue of traditional process is: 53.7 percent of cellulose, 46.2 percent of lignin;The new process saponin residue is 24.59 percent of cellulose, 19.72 percent of lignin, 18.55 percent of hemi cellulose, 36.60 percent of starch; Materials of Yam are 15.75% of cellulose, 14.39% of lignin, 18.50 percent of hemi cellulose, and 41.89 percent of starch.(2) Studied on the pretreatment of traditional process saponin residue, respectively pretreated it by acid, alkali, H2O2, and then did the research on glycosylated cellulose. The results showed that when the concentration of the sulfate is 3 percent, the Glucose conversion rates can reach 16.9 percent. When the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 2 percent, the Glucose conversion rate can reach 19.1 percent. Acetic acid and Hydrogen peroxide a residue of saponin production pretreatment reagents are superior to other reagents, which dealt with under 120℃in 0.5 h, the best concentration of acetic acid is 20 percent, reducing sugar in the hydrolysis rate reached 28.4 percent. The best concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 8 percent; the rate of reducing sugar by enzyme hydrolysis is 25.2 percent.(3) Used Diosgenin solid for the cellulose solid-fermentation, found out the optimal prescription of culture medium through the culture medium optimization test. The optimal prescription of CMC Enzyme activity: CMC 0.5%, KNO3 0.4%, CaCO3 0.4%, KH2PO4 0.2%, MgSO4 0.04%. The optimal prescription of FPA Enzyme activity: CMC 0.5%, KNO3 0.4%, CaCO3 0.3%, KH2PO4 0.2%, MgSO4 0.04%; By way of orthogonal test also find out the optimal culture conditions, the optimal conditions of CMC Enzyme civility: Culture temperature 28℃; culture time 4d; pH5.0, the optimal conditions of FPA Enzyme activity: culture temperature 28℃; culture time 5d; pH5.0. The result of study on the Properties of enzymology by utilization of Diosgenin solid waste showed that, when the temperature of 60℃, pH 4.5, the activity of cellulose is the highest, this reaction Conditions can be used to glycosylate Saponin residue and Furthermore for alcohol fermentation.(4) Used the material that pretreated by hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid as the medium to ferment cellulose and then glycosylated the solid-state fermentation under certain of conditions, the result showed that saccharification rate which pretreated by 6 percent hydrogen peroxide and 20 percent Acetic Acid reached 23.4 percent and 22.3 percent, compared with untreated samples, respectively increased by 8.4 percent and 7.3 percent. By orthogonal test to identify the best conditions for the saccharification: temperature 30℃, time 24 h, pH5.Under this condition the rate of reducing sugar reached 29.1 percent. Saccharification rate of the material treated by 20 percent acetic acid and 6 percent hydrogen peroxide under this condition can reach repectively 33.9 percent and 34.7 percent.(5) By Measuring the crude protein content of the fermentation, the author found that, the crude protein content ot the waste residue without pretreatment, compared with those without fermentation, increase from 9.6 percent to13.4 percent and reach 13.4 percent after 4 days of fermentation.In the same culture conditions, the crude protein content of solid fermentation pretreated respectively by 6 percent hydrogen peroxide and 20 percent acetic acid, can reach 15.9 percent and 15.8 percent respectively, increasing by 2.5% and 2.4% respectively compared with the fermentation without treatment.