| The process of urbanization brings to a series of city ecosystem problems such as crowding, traffic congestion, and worsening environment. As a widespread phenomenon, accelerated urbanization pose a great challenge to the sustainable development of the world. The protectiom and development of the ecological eviroment must be regarded as the main priority in sustainable development of urban areas.Principles of landscape ecology offer a theoretical framework for ecological regulation through the optimization of landscape pattern.Therefore, the quantitative analysis of landscape space pattern is vital to the city landscape planning and the management. Using GIS and a spatial pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS, this paper attempts to quantificationally analyze and optimize the landscape patterns of Changsha City.The scope of the research is limited to the landscape of Changsha City and the tools in the RS and GIS technology are the main platform in the data processing phase. With the help of GIS software, this article analyzed the aerial photos of Changsha City and the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imageries of Changsha City published in 2000. Based on the landscape ecology, the article divided the area into two-level systems: the first level consists of 6 landscape types, while the second level consists of 15 landscapes types. The article classifies the landscape into 15 types, namely, paddy field,dry land, woodland, shrub,open forest,immature plantation,natural grassland,grassland improvement,city and town,rural residential area land, river and ditch, reservoir and lake,coastal beach, mire and bare area.Applying the spatial pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS of the raster version3.3, the author calculated a set of landscape indices that corresponds to the three scale 1evels of patch,class and landscape. The results showed that landscape pattern indices could be successfully used in characterizing the spatial pattern of the studied area,such as landscape fragmentation,dominance,diversity index,evenness index etc. The analysis of the samples shows that ,the woodland which has 46.8707% in the total urban areas is the matrix in ChangSha City.It has better connectivity and integrality than other landscape types. The paddy field is the most complex landscape types.And the areas of natural grassland,grassland improvement and coastal beach are limited. The author also discussed the interior spatial distribution of urban ecosystem by means of the optimization of landscape pattern. The results of the research will assist the author in designing the urban ecosystem of Changsha City.The red soil hilly ecosystem in central Hunan Province is one of the typical weak ecosystems in China. In this study, Changsha City was selected for a case study. Supported by geographic information system (GIS) and remote sense (RS), this paper, integrated with landscape theory, studied the change of the landscape pattern in red soil hilly region. Through the analysis of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imageries of 1986 and 2000, it could be concluded that forest was the main landscape type, and the farmland was also an important component in red soil hilly area. Meanwhile, because of human activities (mainly including urbanization and farming), the degree of diversity and fragmentation of landscape pattern in red soil hilly area increased gradually, while the stability of landscape pattern was strengthened. The Markov model was utilized to simulate the trend of landscape pattern change. The comparison between simulated and observed values showed that the model could be used to simulate landscape pattern change of red soil hilly area. Judging from the forecast of the landscape pattern of Changsha City from 2005 to 2020, it could be concluded that the landscape area of residence would increase year by year with the enhancement of urbanization.This case study also indicates that principles of landscape ecology could be applied to practice rationally with the integrated application of landscape ecological planning approaches.
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