| In this article the separation method and technics of the kill insect effectcomponents in ricinus communis was studied. The experiment results as follows:1 First, using ethanoic acid and phosphoric acid cushion solution from ricinuscommunis to extract ricin, purified with column chromatograph, then use Tris-GlySDS polyacrylamide gelatin electrophoresis to analysis. The experiment resultshowed that the ricin purity is high; extraction with phosphoric acid cushion solutionis better than with ethanoic acid; with phosphoric acid cushion solution the bestextraction condition is: ammonium sulfate saturation degree is 60%; after dialysis, thesample must use polyethylene glycol to absorb water; the best soak time is 20 hours.2 Using the extraction ricinus to carry on the room kill insect effect experiment. Thetest results indicated that ricinus is not obvious to the Piers rapae L. 3 ages younginsects and ophid. When ricinus concentration is 0.1% to 0.8%, the preventing effectis 30%-50%.3 Using water and ethyl alcohol as solvent from ricinus communis extracted ricinine.Use chloroform to circumfluence, ethylalcohol repeatedly crystallize, obtains whiteacicular crystallization. With ultraviolets pectrum, the infrared spectrum, the liquidchromatography, LC-MS and NMR spectrum to analysis the purified ricinine. Theexperiment result showed, the most extraction crystal constituent is ricinine; waterextraxtion effect is better than ethyl alcohol; add 40g ricinus communis, solid: wateris 1:15, extration time for 2 hours, extratcion rate is the highest; remove lipid ishelpful to extraction of ricinine; extratcion rate is about 10%; ricinine mainly exists inthe ricinus shell; Ultraviolet method determination ricinine standard curve regressionequation is Y=0.0167+0.03808x, the R2=0.99987, n=5, assumes the linear relations,conforms to the quantitative determination requirement.4 Using microwave method from ricinus communis extration ricinine, the influence ofmaterial ratio, the granularity, extraction time, extraction temperature, extractionpower to the extraction rate is studied. The experiment results indicated that, themicrowave extraction method efficiency is higher; the influence of material ratio toextracton rate is not big; under the same condition, material ratio is 1:60, extractiontime 20 min, extraction temperature 100℃, extraction power 600W; ricinineextraction rate is highest; with water using microwave extract method, the bestextraction condition is: material ratio is 1:50, extraction temperature 100℃,extraction time 20min. Under this condition, the ricinine concentration is 8.564mg/l.5 Using the purefied ricinine in the room kill insect effect experiment and the fieldkill the insect effect experiment. The test results indicated that, in the ricinuscommunis the main effective component is ricinine. Ricinine has outstanding killingeffect to the Spodoptera litura, the Diamondback moth and Aedes albopictus and soon.6 Through computation obtains the basic quantum chemistry parameter of ricinine, from key energy analysis to explore remove the cyanogen groups of ricinine.Compare with the infrared spectrogram of purified ricinine, diluted hydrochloric acidtreated ricinine, sodium hydroxide treated ricinine and the microwave modifiedricinine, the common acid and alkali methods can not remove of cyanogens group ofricinine. With the condensed hydrochloric acid as oxidant, by the microwavetemperature 150℃, microwave power 600W and under microwave time 4.5hr, thericinine molecule is modified, remove C-N three, obtained 4-methoxy-1-methyl-2-pyridones.7 Compared with ricinine and the modified ricinine, after remove cyanogens groupthe kill insect effect of the modified ricinine is greatly reduced, thus affirmed thatcyanogens groups in ricinine exert extremely vital role in kill insect.
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