| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) widely exist in the environment. Most PAHs are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. PAHs in ambience are mainly from natural sources and anthropogenic sources. Gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles are known to contribute appreciable amounts PAHs to the atmospheric ambience in urban areas. Shanghai is one of the most developed cities in China. The rapid development and modernization of Shanghai city in recent years has led the numbers of civil vehicles to a dramatical increase. There haven't been any researches yet on the PAHs contributions from vehicular exhaust to atmosphere in Shanghai, or the exposure analysis of PAHs in Shanghai.As 16 parent PAHs (acenaphthylene , acenaphthene , anthracene , pyrene , fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene , phenanthrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenz[ah]anthracene) listed as priority pollutants by USEPA are concerned, quantified relationships are built between different vehicle types and PAHs emissions, and also between transport oil consumptions and PAHs emissions. Calculated by two methods, 16 PAHs annual emissions from vehicle exhaust estimated from 2000 to 2004 in Shanghai are 24.13t, 27.57t, 31.39t. 34.62t. 38.42t and 17.23t. 19.79t, 23.27t, 27.23t, 35.57t, respectively.Air samples were taken in six sampling sites in Shanghai. Concentrations of 16 PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. Besides, a strong correlation between average concentrations of 11PAHs in soil and estimated emissions of 11PAHs in 2003 was observed. There was also a good correlation between average concentrations of 11 PAHs in dust and estimated emissions of 11PAHs in 2004. There was a prominent correlation between average concentrations of 14 PAHs detected in air and estimated emissions of 14 PAHs in 2006 (without naphthalene and acenaphthylene). These indicated that... |
