Determination And Adsorption Of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride In Soils

Growing concern about veterinary contamination in environment has been paid recently. Residues of potentially harmful pharmaceutical antibiotics are found in soils and adjacent environmental compartments. Clenbuterol hydrochloride is a very important veterinary medicine, used to increase the muscle growth and reduce the fat of livestock in agriculture. Though it is prohibited from being used in cattle feed, there is also evidence of human poisoning from the consumption of meat products containing clenbuterol residue. And many countries have established a limit for clenbuterol hydrochloride residues in edible animals' tissues. Clenbuterol hydrochloride can be excreted with manure in environment resulting in pollution risk. Based on the determination of clenbuterol hydrochloride in soils using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography, this paper presents the adsorptive of clenbuterol hydrochloride in major soils of China.Firstly, this paper presents a new method for trace level analysis of clenbuterol hydrochloride in soils using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Phenomenex Gemini C18 column(150×4.60mm) was used and mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.05% orthophosphoric acid (20:80, v/v) with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The residues of clenbuterol hydrochloride in soil was determined with UV wave detector at 210nm within 4 min. Detection limit of the assay was 10ng/mL for clenbuterol hydrochloride, calculated to be three times the baseline noise from drug free sample . The average recovery was in range of 70-80% after eluting and using solid phase extraction.A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantitative determination of clenbuterol hydrochloride in tested soils. The tested soils were krasnozem collected from Jiangxi, yellow brown soil collected from Nanjing, paddy soil collected from Changshu and fluvo-aquic soil collected form Fengqiu. It was found that adsorption isotherms could be fitted by Freundlich equation. The results showed that soils had strong adsorption of clenbuterol hydrochloride, K_f values ranged from 3.618 to 27.45, varied with the different properties of the soils tested. The K_f values increased with increasing organic matter and CEC of the soils. The correlative coefficient between K_f...