Study On Extraction And Separation Of Fatty Acids And Polysaccharides From Laminaria Joapnica

Active components in plants such as fatty acids and polysaccharides have various physiological functions, which are important in exploiting and developing plant resources. Laminaria joapnica (kelp) is the main seaweed in Shandong Province, especially in the eastern part of the province. In this article, we review the extraction of kelp fatty acids and polysaccharides and report the results of investigation of different parameters which influence the extraction efficiency of these two important components.1) Total lipids were extracted from kelp using ether, petroleum ether and Dyer. Among the three different organic solvents, the results showed that: Dyer solvent extraction was the most effective method to extract total lipids, with an efficiency of 7.20% (the mass ratio of lipid to kelp), and it was able to extract most of the fatty acids. Petroleum ether was the least effective method, with an efficiency of only 5.17%. Total lipids were also extracted from kelp by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The factors that affected the extraction of fatty acids included extraction pressure, temperature, modifier and time, and the constituents of the fatty acids were determined by GC-MS after saponification and esterification. Elevating the extraction pressure improved the yield of the total lipids as well as MUFA and PUFA. High extraction temperature gave lower lipid yield, and the optimum extraction temperature was determined to be 30-40℃. Using an SFE modifier could improve the yield of the total lipids. Ethanol was the best modifier with an efficiency of 7.80%, while acetone had the lowest efficiency (5.90%). The optimum static and dynamic extraction times were 30 min and 120 min, respectively. Compared with the lipid extracted by traditional organic solvents, the quality of the lipids extracted by SFE was significantly better.2) Fatty acids from different parts of kelp were analyzed and different parts had different fatty acid compositions. The SFA content decreased in the order top part>basal part>middle part, while for MUFA, middle part>top part>basal part, and for PUFA, basal part>middle part>top part. C18 fatty acids were the main fatty acids (53.63-65.31%). We investigated the content of total lipids and fatty acid composition of kelp from different coastal zones of sea around Shandong Province by using the Dyer extraction method. Kelp from Changdao had the most lipid (7.67%), while kelp from Rizhao had least lipid (7.00%). Kelp from different zones had different fatty acid compositions; the...