Research On The Problem Of Groundwater Eco-Environment In Haihe River Basin

In this paper, according to the serious eco-environmental problem of thegroundwater in Haihe River Basin, some theoretical concepts of theeco-environmental groundwater demand are discussed and the calculation methods ofthe eco-environmental groundwater demand are proposed. Based on the detailedanalysis of the exploitation and utilization problem about the groundwater, fiverepresentative cities in Haihe River Basin—Shijiazhuang and Tangshan (lying inplains adjacent to mountains), Cangzhou and Hengshui (lying in middle plains) andTianjin (lying in east coastal plains) are selected for the specific study.Two main parts are included in the paper. At first, a series of problems about thewater demand and supply source of the groundwater eco-environment are discussed, amethod to calculate water demand of the groundwater eco-environment is proposed,and some methods to estimate the surface infiltration water from rain, river, lake andreservoir are given. Therefore, on the balance principle of groundwater exploitationand infiltration water, the restoring problem of the groundwater eco-environment isstudied. Otherwise, because of the specific conditions in Haihe River Basin, sixparameters such as depth to water, aquifer thickness, soil organic matter content,pumping rate density and net recharge are used to form the vulnerability assessmentfactor system for the groundwater vulnerability assessment in Haihe River Basin.The following outcomes and conclusions are obtained in the paper:(1) The concept, classification, researching advances of the eco-environmentalwater and the method of calculating water demand of the eco-environmental water areintroduced respectively, and then, the evaluation way of groundwater demand forHaihe River Basin is concluded;(2) The physical geography status in Haihe River Basin is introduced, somecalculation methods for supply and excretion of groundwater are investigated indetails, and the variation rule of some hydrogeological parameters is analyzed;(3) The depth to groundwater is selected as the index that reflects groundwatereco-environmental condition. According to the theory of groundwater balance, thewater demand of the groundwater system eco-environment is calculated for therepresentative cities in Haihe River Basin, and the probability of eco-environmentalrestoration for other systems is discussed;(4) The concept, assessment measures, researching advances about groundwatervulnerability is summarized, and the groundwater vulnerabilities of differentrepresentative cities are evaluated by the "DRASTIC" method, which could providescientific foundation for fulfilling the eco-environmental restoration target in HaiheRiver Basin;(5) Considering the water balance conditions and vulnerability status aboutshallow groundwater, some measures of groundwater eco-environmental restorationin Haihe River Basin are proposed.The results show that the eco-environmental state of the groundwater is veryserious in Haihe River Basin. If the recovery time is 30 years, the groundwaterexploitation should be limited in lots of areas, and especially it should be stopped inShijiazhuang. Then, in the current exploitation degree, it is very difficult to renewalthe groundwater eco-environment if not having the infiltration water supply fromother river basins in Haihe River Basin. In addition, the vulnerability indexes of fiverepresentative cities are all a little higher than the standard value, it also shows thatthe groundwater vulnerability problem is the same serious in Haihe River Basin.