| It was affirmed that the pesticides had a greatly good function on protection crops, prevention and cure weed, increasing agricultural outputs. However, the pesticides pollution had increasingly harmed to environment and foods and it was the important factor on environment and foods pollution which were distinctly knew by us. The reports about pesticides endangered ecosystem, edaphons, soil animals, water body, atmosphere and people's health were common occurrence. The questions about pesticides residue exceeding standard were supposed to attend by every state government and all circles society. Chongqing locates in transition zone between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Changjiang River middle reaches of a river and backward position which physiognomy type is multiplicity and the hilly country is a great lot, Chongqing belongs to semi-tropical clouding season-wind climate and is the one of important farm produce base. Along with the new position and new phases of our country joined the WTO, un-harmful farm produce and green foods was developed rapidly in Chongqing. But because of climate clouding, the clear four seasons, the short un- frost date at al and the vegetables are planted in all year, the vegetable plant diseases and insect pests happened frequently, the pesticides residue pollution in vegetable was not allowed to neglect already.Some pesticides residue and all types of vegetables polluted by pesticides from 2001 to 2003 year were analysed and researched in the paper. The degree of pesticides pollution in vegetables was evaluated by Neimeiluo's Index and Monomial Pollution Index, the countermeasure to pesticides management in the future was brought forward. The content of research included: (1) The status quo of pesticides residue (BHC, DDT) in main vegetable base in Chongqing in 2002. (2) The status quo of some dangerous pesticides residue in vegetable in the socially harmless vegetable base from 2001 to 2003 year, such as methamidophos, omethoate, parathion, carbofuran, dicofol at al;(3) The status quo of some dangerous pesticides residue in market-sale vegetable from 2002 to 2003 year, such as methamidophos, omethoate, parathion, carbofuran, dicofol at al; (4) Seeking to the reasons of pesticides residue, putting forward the countermeasures and establishing the pesticides control system in vegetable sanitary production.The some points through results of pesticides residue monitoring in Chongqing from 2001 to 2003 year were concluded. The vegetable fields were not contaminated by BHC and DDT, the fields was belonged to cleanness level on firm ground. The soil had not effect on vegetable's pesticides residue.The high poison pesticides forbidden on vegetables in the socially harmless vegetable base such as methamidophos, omethoate, carbofuran, parathion were detected in different degree in the socially harmless vegetable base from 2001 to 2003. This did not measure up to GB 18406.1-2001< quality security of farm produce request of the socially harmless vegetable >.The exceed quota of dicofol was zero. Fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin were not detected in 2001 year, but which did detected and did not measure up to < quality security of farm produce request of the socially harmless vegetable >in 2002 year. These pesticides residue status was better than that of the organic phosphor pesticides. The whole exceed quota of pesticides residue had remarkable increase in all kinds of vegetables in the socially harmless vegetable base from 2001~2002,on the other hand, the pesticides residue status obviously mended from 2002 to 2003. Pesticides residue of leaf vegetables, cucurbita and fruit vegetables, legume vegetables in that all was more serious. Exceed quota of vegetable respectively was 36.6%, 46.3%, 26.5% in 2001,2002 and 2003. Methamidophos, omethoate, carbofuran, dicofol, parathion and isocarbophos in vegetables were detected in different degrees in the market from 2002 to 2003, which did not accord to standard of GB 18406.1-2001< quality security of farm produce request of the socially harmless vegetable >and District Standard of Vegetables in Chongqing. Fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin were not detected. In the two years detections, pollution of leaf vegetables and legume vegetables were serious, which exceed quotas respectively reached to 63.1% and 66.7% in 2002, and reached to 46.4% and 31.5% in 2003. Summed up all these from 2002 to 2003, exceed quotas in market vegetables had obviously descended from 55.8% to 32.8%.Based detection results of these years, the reasons of pesticides residue exceed standard in vegetables in Chongqing could be concluded. (1) culture making of fanner was lowing at large, pesticides knowledge known by farmer was poor, farmers were lack of consciousness about using pesticides in reason and ignore the safe interval days (2) The correlative laws were not healthiness, lacking of effective administrational means, harmless control was difficulty, plant diseases and insect pests of vegetables were many and harmful. (3) Pesticides used in vegetables in reason demanded exceeds supply, the system of planting technology service was not healthiness.Measures of pesticides management in Chongqing were putted forward: (1) optimizing layout of the socially harmless farm produces base; (2) exertion advantage of environmental resource and balanced development of the socially harmless farm produces; (3) strengthening management and... |
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