| Luminescence analysis is the abbreviation of molecular spectrum,including molecular fluorescence, phosphorescence and chemiluminescence analysis(including bioluminescence). For the last several years, great progresses have been made in modern luminescence analysis method and technology with introduction of high sensitivity, high precision, high resolution and multifunctional modem luminescence analysis instruments and development of analytical device manufacturing industry.Fluorescence emits when the electrons transfer from the first excited single state to the base state. Since 1867,Goppelsroder has carried out the fluorescence analysis for the first time in history, in addition to the general fluorescence analysis, such as the nonfluorescence substance being transferred into fluorescence ones which can be determined, fluorescence quenching method, energy transferring method and so on, with the introduction of laser, computers and advancement of electronics , synchronous fluorimetry, derivative fluorimetry, time-resolved fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, fluorescence immunoassay, low temperature fluorescence and other methods have greatly developed, accelerating the advent of all kinds of new fluorescence instruments. Now, the fluorescence analysis has being concerned in biological reaction control, biosensor, Pharmaceuticals minitor, biochemical analysis and multi - content in complicated system. And it has been developed into an important effective spectrum analysis technology.Chemiluminescence analysis is a trace analysis method which determines the content of substance according to the light emission of the chemical reaction. In 1877, Radziszewski found that lophine emmtted green light when it reacted with oxygen in the prescence of a base. This is the first example of chemiluminescentce using a synthetic organic compound. Since then, a number of chemiluminescent compounds have been synthesized and studied for their chemiluminescent properties. Liquid chemiluminescence includes imidazole compounds( for example lophine), acridine compounds ( such as lucigengen and acridinium ester) , acidamide compounds, cerium-sulfite luminescence system, potassium permanganate, peroxyoxalate systems. In above systems, luminol system is applied widely. Luminol system can be used in inorganic substance, organic substance, Pharmaceuticals, biological body fluid, tissue and the determination of metabolism substance. Chemiluminescence analysis has high sensitivity (Detect limit canbe 10~12~ 10"18mol), wide line range( three to six magnitude order ) and simpler, lower instruments. There are gas phase, flame and liquid chemiluminescence reaction systems. Chemiluminescence method with coupling reaction, chemiluminescence immunoassay which has developed for recent ten years is the popularization of chemiluminescence technology. For the above advantages of its, Chemiluminescence has been widely applied in environment science, biological science and clinical science.The luminescence happening in biological system is called as bioluminescence which comes from the biochemical reaction of organism, such as the light of firefly, some germs or fungi, protests, worms and crustaceans. And the respound analytical method is called bioluminescence analysis. In bioluminescence analysis, luciferin - luciferase - ATP system is most widely studied and applied. Luciferase is a special biocatalyst, which can transfer the energy of enzymic reaction into light. This reaction system has been widely applied in the dermination of ATP, and the sensitivity may achieve 10~19 mol. It has been successfully applied in biomedical science, biological science, cosmic science, material medica and biology in agriculture. The other reaction system applied in bioluminescence is the luminescent reaction which is catalyzed by NAD(P)H:FMN oxydo - reductase and bacteria luciferase. It can determine NAD(P)H. Coupled with reaction of many dehydrogenase, biluminesce reaction may determine many metabolite. In addition, the papers which monitor the envir...
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