| A novel carbonaceous reactant as the substitute of char, which was generally used as the reducing agent in the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, in this thesis, was produced from XIAN FENG lignite, thus, the carbonization into char with timber as precursor, which cause destruction to our ecosystem is to be solved. The paper also deals with the preparation of a premium activated carbon obtained by activation in the presence of steam with the JIAO ZUO anthracite as raw material. The work shows that in the optimum experimental conditions the premium product was well characterized by surface area 11 23m2/g, and iodine value 1041 .3mglg. In the studies, it is shown that in the given experimental conditions, i.e., acidity, reactant concentration, and in a certain weight ratio of liquid and solid, the product by hydrodesulfurization and the removal of iron with hydrogen peroxide/nitric acid solution, which the sulfur content is less than 0.0 l%,the iron content less than 0.05% and ash content less than 0.7%, is substantially up to the standard of charcoal because of its lower sulfur, iron and ash content. Pyrometallurgically, the studies show that the additives specially made used for iron and sulfur removal have an effect on each other to improve the high quality of carbonaceous substitute. Under the selected ratio of additives a 2 P ~ Y 3, the properties of copper positive plate reduced by the substitute, exactly meet the quality demand such as impurities and grade of copper positive plate. The copper content was higher than 99.5%, the impurities less than 0.5%, at the same time, the Cu plate interior matrix was very dense and the surface is substantially smooth, as was expected. The paper has shown that the properties of activated carbon from JIAO ZUO coal by activation with the water vapor were sharply influenced by the treatment temperature. The higher the activation temperature, the higher the surface area and iodine value, and the stronger the mechanical strength of activated carbon was obtained. It was also stated that the surface area and iodine value increased with the duration of activation time under the studied experimental conditions. Accordingly, the activated carbon exhibited much higher strength can be produced by prolonging duration of the activation treatment time. The accumulation densities of products prepared using X binder, in contrast to JIAO ZUO coal, have been enhanced from 0.42g1cm3 to 0.59 g/cm3. Experiments indicated that under the optimal treatment conditions, carbonization around coal size <-200 mesh, in the presence of steam lSl7mlImin, at 800C for 6 h, optimized the surface area to 1 123m2/g, the iodine value to 1041.3mg/g. A kinetic study based on the non-isothermal thermogravimetry found that the apparent activation energy in pyrolysis of XIAN FENG lignite was 40~ lU/mci, which was lightly less than the activation energy of wood pyroiysis, hence, the lignite was used as the raw material to produce the substitute of char. Under the industry-scale experimental conditions, the reactivity tests after desulfurization indicated the substitute and char displayed the similar reactivity. In addition, the kinetic parameters investigation by non-isothermal thermogravinietry of the precursor used to activated carbon production showed that the pyrolytic reaction of precursor had different apparent activation energy in different temperature ranges. The temperature range of pyrolysis and apparent energy are 439.78 19.98X72, 299.6kJ/mol, 519.98---571.
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