| Optical frequency conversion has started since the invention of laser in the 60's of last century. As the advent of highly efficient nonlinear crystal and various highly stable single frequency laser, optical parametrical up conversion and down conversion have been widely studied in many research fields. It is now used to extend laser frequency to ultraviolet and extreme large wavelength of far infrared light, even Terahertz wave. Now this technique has arrived at quantum optics research field, and is used to generated various exotic quantum optical field such as squeezed and entangled optical field, which is the crucial resources of continuous variable quantum information science. As a kind of nonlinear optical frequency conversion technique and nonclassical optical field source, typeⅡsecond harmonic generation process with versatile dynamics is extensively studied. The main contents of this thesis are listed as follows:1. Some basic knowledge of optics and nonlinear optics are reviewed, including properties of nonlinear crystal KTP, phase matching of nonlinear optical frequency conversion, optical cavity, optimum condition of cavity enhanced optical frequency conversion, and so on.2. Theoretically analyzed dynamic motion of type II second harmonic generation process, and further discussed the possibility of using typeⅡSHG as phase sensitive optical amplifier.gave the input-output relationship, and compared with the usual optical parametrical amplifier. The only difference is that the pumping field(2ω)of SHG as optical amplifier is provided by the SHG cavity itself, instead of by outside.3. Designed and fabricated standing wave SHG cavity, which is pumped by a home-made diode pumped Nd:YVO4 single frequency laser. Experimentally observed symmetric breaking phenomenon in SHG process operating above threshold. This experiment makes a first step towards entanglement observation with SHG operation above threshold.
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