The Research Of Methods To Seismic Trace Interpolation In F-K Domain

Along with oil-gas exploration development unceasingly, the research on the accuracy of the underground structures have become increasingly demanding. In the seismic survey, as a result of the work load limit and execution conditions and so on, the record samples interval is frequently big in survey. This has lead to the serious insufficiency of spatial sampling .The F-K filter, the Radon transformation filter, in particular such as offset processing will have a serious impact. The offset section will have phenomenon of spatial aliasing and frequency dispersion, the horizontal resolution will deteriorate. So that will cause to explain the subsurface structure incorrectly. The best way to resolve the spatial sampling problem is directly reduce spatial samples interval in the field, but this approach by objective conditions.when this approach can not be applied , seismic trace interpolation techniques is a good method to resolve the spatial sampling problem. This method can not increase the information, spatial aliasing can be overcome.Seismic trace interpolation can be used to encrypt the spatial sampling, prevent the emergence of frequency dispersion, enhance signal noise ratio. Sometimes we only do seismic trace interpolation to the original seismic data, and then do the offset process, without having to re-construction sampling to the geological regions which required high accuracy. This will not only save a great deal of manpower and material resources, but also greatly shorten the production cycle. The data after seismic trace interpolation are twice as before. ?? as speed, amplitude, frequency and other geophysical information richer. Seismic trace interpolation basically may have the geological effect which intense the sampling in the field can achieve. As seismic trace interpolation overcomes the spatial aliasing, geophysical information could more truly reflect the underground geological characteristics. So it is more advantageous in carrying on the structure explanation and the seismic stratigraphy research.So many scholars at home and abroad are more concerned about this study. Some foreign companies, such as the Western Geophysical Company (WGC), HGS, CGG using seismic trace interpolation conventionally. Seismic trace interpolation of seismic data has become indispensable to the conventional process. The early seismic trace interpolation scan the events dip in space-time window,and then along the dip direction of a number of weighted to do seismic trace interpolation. These methods are necessary to separation the events, so they need a priori information of events dip. In 1989 Spitz proposed a method that dose not need to separate events, afterward a lot of scientists to propose seismic trace interpolation that did not need to know the events dip. Claerbout proposed T-X domain prediction error filtering interpolation and Gulunay proposed unaliased F-K domain trace interpolation (UFKI). These methods are now used commonly, but these methods also have their problems. Though the speed of Sinc interpolation method do the interpolation is quick and easy to realize, this method can not to interpolate the date with spatial aliasing correctly. F-X trace interpolation method of Spitz and T-X domain prediction error filtering interpolation method of Claerbout could interpolate the data with spatial aliasing correctly, but these methods need large amount of calculation, so it could reduce the usability in the field data greatly. Gulunay proposed unaliased F-K domain trace interpolation (UFKI).This method ??d interpolate the data with spatial aliasing correctly, and the operating speed is quick, the efficiency is high. But its interpolation coefficient cannot be the random integer, and it also cannot carry on the 3D data record. This greatly reduced its usability.According to the questions of these methods, this article introduces the commonly used seismic trace interpolation methods such as Sinc interpolation, T-X domain prediction error filtering interpolation proposed by Clearout, F-X seismic trace interpolation proposed by Spitz and unaliased F-K domain trace interpolation (UFKI). Then emphatically analytical another F-K seismic trace interpolation method, that is the generalized F-K seismic trace interpolation (GFKI).This method could interpolate the data with spatial aliasing correctly ,the interpolated trace are profile nature, the operating speed is quick and efficiency is high.The interpolation coefficient L of generalized F-K seismic trace interpolation (GFKI) could be the random integer, that means between two neighboring trace insert the number of the interpolation trace could be random integer. This method may also apply in the 3D data record. Through realizes the generalized F-K seismic trace interpolation (GFKI), this article analysis the specific issues when carrying out the method in field data and proposed solutions for this issues. Then I discussed the difference between GFKI and UFKI. Finally many kinds of theoretic data models designed and real seismic data are used to verify the conclusion that generalized seismic F-K interpolation domain (GFKI) are more efficient than other common seismic trace interpolation methods.