Genetic Structure Of Phrynocephalus Erythrurus, P.theobaldi In Tibetan Plateau And Patemity Testing Of Three Lizards

To study rules of population genetics variance along altitude,we used seven microsatellite loci data to infer genetic structure in 80 individuals of Phrynocephalus erythrurus sampled from seven geographic locations and of 34 individuals of Phrynocephalus theobaldi from two geographic locations in the Tibetan Plateau.A total of 44 alleles at the 7 loci tested with an average of 4.7 alleles per locus were found in six P.erythrurus populations,the observed heterozygosity was 0.1456-0.4757,the averge PIC was 0.5953.In three P.theobaldi populations 42 alleles were tested out with an average of 5.3 alleles per locus,the observed heterozygosity was 0.1632-0.5119 with averge PIC of 0.5561.All loci of the samples were polymorphic.None of the sample populations showed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Between all populations,the variance was 59.17%.Rst and geographic distance was positive correlation with altitude.There were no significant negative correlation between Rst,Ho,He of the two species and altitude.At high elevation,both P.erythrurus and P.theobaldi had more low genetic diversity. Variation coefficient of temperature along altitude was a standard to scale whether environment was stable.The result showed P.erythrurus and P.theobaldi had more low genetic diversity at high elevation with unstable environment.This study suggested population genetic diversity showed a trend of decreasing with increased altitude,and populations lived in unstable environment had low genetic diversity.Differentiation between P.erythrurus and P.theobaldi was about 4.43 Mya.P. erythrurus populations were isolated by lakes of Tibetan plateau,the gene flow was restricted.UPGMA showed Nima population was far from others.Arlequin calculated differentiation of this population was about 1.97±0.53Mya.Mountains effected pervasion of P.theobaldi which induced subspecies differentiation.All spamples of P.erythrurus,P.theobaldi and Phrynocephalus vlangalii were were separated into female parent group and offspring group.We analyzed the genetic diversity parameter,variance between and within these two groups using seven microsatellite loci.The genetic diversity of female parent was higher than offspring generally.The variance between two groups of the three species was singly 14.9%, 21.9%and 9.87%.The number of offspring was non-significantly negatively correlated with genetic differences between female and offspring groups.Genotype and allele frequency based on microsatellite loci data were identified individuals which had different fathers.The results showed in five families at least more than two fathers were concerned with the offsprings.However offsprings of some families were not identified because of lacking enough data.