Research On Atomic Diffraction Properties In Optical Field

The atomic diffraction provides a way to slow, cool and trap atoms, and plays an essential role in the research of atom optics, nonlinear optics and laser physics. This effect has important application in isotope separation, beam splitter and microscopy, and so on. More recently, it has attracted much interest in modulation, localization and focusing. It has also stimulated the research on some fully quantum phenomena such as collapses-revivals of atomic inversion, sub-poisson statistics and the squeezing of light. However, many of these studies, both experimentally and theoretically, have been focusing on determining only the final momentum distribution, thus our research of the spatial distribution of atomic diffraction will be very attractive.In chapter 1, a simple history overview is presented about quantum optics and the development of atom diffraction. Then the light forces on atoms are mainly analyzed which will be very useful in the following chapters.In chapter 2, the Hamiltonian about standard J-C (Jaynes-Cummings) model is derived under the dipole and rotating-wave approximation. Besides above, the density matrix method and the optical Bloch equations are presented eventually.In chapter 3, the probability distribution of the Raman-Nath diffraction in coordinate representation and the collapses-revivals of atomic inversion are discussed.In chapter 4, we derive the exact analytical solution of atomic diffraction by an optical standing wave in the coordinate representation and discuss some peculiar features which have never been mentioned before.In chapter 5, conclusion and outlook of atomic diffraction are given.