Analysis Of Environmental Effects Of Deep Groundwarter Exploitation In The East-central Plains Of Hebei Province

Hebei Plain (south of Beijing-Tianjin) lies in the Haihe River Basin where suffers severe water shortages in China. The average per capita water capacity is only 286 cubic meters, one third less than the water-deficient country's per capita water resources of 1,000 cubic meters, and it is even 22.7% less than that of the State of Israel noted for drought. It belongs to the water-deficient areas of water shortages. In the east-central plains, the deep phreatic water exploited in the gross is used as resources in reserve due to a grave shortage of surface water and shallow freshwater. And the amount is increasing steadily between 1980 and 2002. Because of a great deal of the exploitation of deep groundwater, the massive cones of depression have appeared, such as Hebei-zao-heng depression, Cangzhou depression and so on. At present,the deep depression has already linked with each other from south of Tianjin to Dezhou. It gives rise to a series of current environmental and geological issues because the deep underground water is over-extracted.Cangzhou is typical of areas in the research, and we develop the study of resource composition of the exploitation of deep groundwater and the effects of environment according to the information about dynamic deep groundwater and surface subsidence of the east-central plains:According to the relationship between land subsidence and groundwater level changes, introduce the critical identification of the water-table, causing environmental and geological issues such as water level dropped hopper, land subsidence and so on, so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of the groundwater in the east-central plains of Hebei.Deep confined water of Hebei, under the conditions of present exploitation, by calculation, its resources are composed by lateral inflows, supplied flows, cohesive soil compaction outflow, flexible outflow. But the development and utilization of deep groundwater vary, the level of developed resource compositions has big changes. At the beginning of development, the level is low and land subsidence hasn't happened. The exploitation mainly include flexible outflow and lateral inflows, not having cohesive soil compaction outflow; with people's increasing demand for water resources, the exploitation level is becoming higher and higher. The level of deep groundwater become lower, land subsidence intensify, supplied flows, flexible outflow of shallow groundwater occupies important positions in the exploitation of deep groundwater, and flexible outflow go to a secondary status.Because over-exploitations bring several environmental and geological issues such as water level dropped hopper, land subsidence and so on. We not only systematically analyses the reasons , performed characteristics and posed hazards of causing those environmental and geological issues such as water level dropped hopper, land subsidence and so on; but also make scientific control measures and proposals, to some extent, mitigate the environmental effects of geological hazards to the community.