| The Formicidae is a large family in the class insects, with more than 10,000 known species.The family Formicidae is widely distributed, and its total number isestimated to surpass that of all other animal groups together. It is closely relative to the production and life of human being, and of extremely vital economic significance to human. The taxonomic study on the Formicidae in China was mainly from overseas scholars'Fragment-ary reports before. Domestic scholars just started this research in the past twenty years, and far behind the international level.The genus Camponotus is the largest genus in the family Formicidae,and distributes all over the world. 931 species have been described in the world (Bolton,1995). The large number of species,wide distribution,geological variation and polymorphism of worker make it especially difficult for the appropriate taxonomy. Chang Lu Wang, Gang Rou Xiao and Jian Wu have studied on Camponotus of China in 1989. Numbers of the species in the genus has been increased. In view of such situation, under guidance from Pro.Shanyi Zhou, I carried out a systematic study on the taxonomy of the genus Camponotus in China as the thises for master degree.The thises is separated into six chepters.From chepter 1 to chepter 5, the situation and taxonomica system, development of ants taxonomy in China and abroad, method and material, morphology, measuremens and abbrievation, biology and economic value of ants are intraduced briefly.Chepter 6 is the main part of my thises. During the research work, the author conducted carefully and made morphological identification on all the species in collection. A total of 45 species were recognized and described. Among them one species is described as new, i.e. C. concolor sp. nov., and two species are newly recorded in China, i. e. C. kiusiuensis Santschi and C. bishamon Terayama. Some species haven't writen in the thises because they were described in early stage by forign scholars and the type specimens are deposited abroad.
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