Study On The Interference And Diffraction Of Atom In One Non-resonant Field

Since the founding of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, the relevant theories and various schemes have been widely applied and deeply studied. The related researches include interference and diffraction of atoms, cooling of atoms, trapping and condensation, optical lattices of atoms, and the macroscopically quantum interference and atomic laser. The intimate fields include quantum optics and atomic optics, where the former concentrates on the impact of optical field on atoms and vice verse, the latter on the optic-like characteristics of atoms. Additionally, the schemes in C-QED are widely applied to quantum information, the newly developed field, to realize the preparation of entangled states, the construction of quantum gates and the specific quantum computing processes. If an example to be given, it should be the trapped ions system.From the view of dynamics, the dynamical effects deduced by the interaction of optical field and one atom can be divided in to two groups. They are the resonant effects and the non-resonant ones. The interaction of one resonant field is generally used to study the coherence and the entanglement between the field and atom, such as Rabi vibration, the number transfer of atomic states. It is common that the distribution of optical fields has to be destroyed. And also the coherence of multiple atoms would not be presented as a pure quantum state. As there is one non-resonant field to affect the atom, the case will be different. The Hamiltonian can be separated according to each inner state, meanwhile the motion of center of mass will be involved. The dynamical effects are such as the momentum exchange between the field and this atom, instead of the energy exchange in the case of resonance. Of course, the effects on fields are non-demolished. It has been proven both in theory and in experimental study that the phenomena of reflection, deflection and interference would be the certainty.The dynamical effects of one quantum non-resonant field on an atom are analyzed in this paper, focusing on the interference and diffraction. Firstly, the fundamental theory and the main applications are introduced. The quantified results of the effective dynamics of the non-resonant interaction are presented. The interference distribution described in momentum space is given. The different diffraction functions are shown according to the varied coupling intensity, wavelength of field, the detuning and the longitudinal velocity.