Study Of The Expression Of Neuronral Nitric Oxide Synthase And Soluble Guanylyl Alpha 1, Beta1 In The Muscle System

Nitric oxide, a new biological signal message, almost influences every mammallian organic system through the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signal pathway. Physiological concentration nitric oxide plays a crucial role in regulation, from the constitutive nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide penetrates cell in the self-endocrine patten, then activates the guanlylate cyclase, elevates the level of cGMP, which affects the cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG), and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Finally, the nitric oxide pathway modulates many important target proteins in cardiac-vessel-skeletal system.In the first part of my study, I used immunohistochemistry to detect the distribution of nNOS, sGCa1 and sGCβ1 in the whole muscle system and different parts of skeletal muscle of pigs. The results clearly indicated nNOS and sGCβ1 were expressed in all swine muscle systems detected. However, sGCa1 was not detected to express in swine cardiac muscle, the only type of muscle.Next, two models of overweight animals were developed successfully by using young male rats and two dies. Thirty immature male rats of 21days had been feed with these two experimental diets for 8 weeks. The average weight of control, group A and B rats were 354.16±8.68, 390.26±18.47 and 382.31±19.40, individually. There were significant differences in fat weight and rats of liver to body weight among three groups. The rat of B group showed testis damage. While, the rats of group A showed a better and earlier development of testes comparing to the control by morphology. Our results suggested that rats were infertility if feeding with high fatty diet from puberty.Immunohistochemical studies were carried out to detect expression pattern of nitric oxide signal pathway in the overweight model in the tissues of cardiac muscle, vascular muscle and skeletal muscle by antibodies against nNOS, sGCa1 and sGCβ1. The results indicated that the nitric oxide signal pathway components were all inhibited in smooth and skeletal muscle, except that the expression of sGCa1 and sGCB1 in the heat were increased. In addition, results of measurement in typical white fiber and red fiber indicated that overfeed fatty diet would increase number of white fiber and thickness of red fiber. It suggested that conversion of red fibers into white fibers could be induced.