The Dynamic Monitor Of The Typical Zone Of The Mongolian Plateau' Wetland By Remote Sensing

In recent years, the wetland, which is called "kidney of the Earth" , receives enormous attention all over the world for its particularity and the importance to the ecological environment, and the wetland studies become the popular research area on current international.The typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau (37.5°—52°N,104°—108°E) is a unique ecology physiographic region because it has the geographical position in east of Asia, the climate of temperate zone continental arid and semiarid, the landscape of widespread continental arid and semiarid, and it forms the sharp comparison with the monsoon area in east of China, the high and cold area of Qing Zang and the forest and grassland of temperate zone in northeast of China (NECT). Therefore, it could enrich the research content of global change and provides the scientific basis of the development, the use and the protection for the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau to discuses the dynamic change of the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau'wetland.In the investigated foundation in the open area, this paper used the two image issues of Land sat—TM remote sensing of the area in 1990 and in 2000, applied the 3S technology, used the remote sensing image visual solution to translate the method, carry on the special topic of wetland dynamic change in the research area from 1990 to 2000.Analyzed the dynamic change of the wetland in the research area by the dynamic model and the Marko mode. And selected 3 typical wetlands to carry on the automatic sorting and the dynamic change research separately, which are the Mao Wu Su sand wetness, Wu Liang Su Hai wetland in Inner Mongolia and the valley wetland of Zamuer (заамар) river in the middle of the Tu La river in Mongolia. The conclusions are:1. After the analysis the present situation of the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau'wetland in 2000, discovered that there are obvious differences in the Mongolian Plateau'wetland, the wetland in the north of the research area distribute widespread, the wetland's area of Gobi is very small in the north, and the wetland distribute more widespread in the Inner Mongolian research area.2. The area of the wetland of the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau was reducing from 1990 to 2000; the rate is 4826.54 hectares/year. The total area of the wetland had reduced 53091.93 hectares. The changed area of rivers is 95720.09 hectares, the rate is 8701.83 hectares/year; the changed area of lake is 20147.38 hectares, the rate is 1831.85 hectares/year; the changed area of reservoir and the pit pond is 5004.17 hectares, the rate is 454.92 hectares/year; the changed area of beach place is 14913.35 hectares, the rate is 1355.76 hectares/year; the changed area of bog is 76534.56 hectares, the rate is 6957.69 hectares/year.3. Analyze the reason of dynamic change of wetland by the year average temperature, year precipitation from 24 meteorological stands of the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau in 1990-2000 from 24 meteorological stands of the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau in 1990-2000 and year transpiration rate of the Inner Mongolian research area in1989-2000, the population data of the city of Bayannaoer, the city of Ordos, the city of Wuhai, the west banner of the city of Alsha in Inner Mongolian research area in 1989-2000.Obtained the main reason of the reduction of the wetland in the typical zone of Mongolian Plateau is :year by year: the rise of the year average temperature, the drop of the year precipitation, the increase of the year transpiration rate, the overdevelopment and use of the wetland resources and so on.Finally unifies the actual situation of the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau'arid and semiarid climate environment, put forward proposal of how to use the typical zone of the Mongolian Plateau'wetland sustainable.