Phylogeny Of Partial Gloydius Based On Cytochrome B Gene Sequence

Gloydius which belong to Viperidae Crotalinae is a colony of advanced viper.Their live environments are diversiform: jokuls, altiplanos, hills and plains. Gloydius isa group has highly differentiation and in a phase of radialization evolution, even thedifferent colonies of same species have diversity in morphologic and gene level. Chinahas abundant Gloydius, but the genetic diversity and their distribution pattern are littleresearched. Especially the controversy about the taxonomy of Gloydius goes down tonow. Traditional comparative morphology, comparative anatomy, and other means ofclassification have not solved the problem of the controversy. With the rapiddevelopment of molecule technology, DNA analysis methods are used in Gloydius'classification and phylogenetic studies, most of them used mitochondrial DNA asmolecular marker, especially the cytochrome b gene. We sequenced mtDNAcytochrome b gene from three Gloydius brevicaudus (Ningshan County and HanyinCounty in Shaaxi province, Huangshan in Anhui province) and one Gloydiusintermedius (Yanan in Shaanxi province). Combine With the results of ZHOUJi-Liang's research in 2001 and the cytochrome b gene sequence of Agkistrodon.piscivorus loaded from Gene bank, we analyzed the sequence and built phylogenetictrees, The primary results showed:(1) We completed the work of sequenced complete cytochrome b gene sequence(1,122bp) of Gloydius brevicaudus and Gloydius intermedius. The initiation codon isATG and termination codon is TAA.(2) We analyse the sequence and built phylogenetic trees with MEGA 3.1software, Gloydius brevicaudus' species level position in the phylogenetic tree andgenetic distance differences are to be supported, but the process of its origin anddifferentiation depending further study. In addition, from this comparison of theAgkistroton piscivorus and seven species of snakes' Cyt b gene sequences of Gloydiusand the data of phylogenetic trees, this paper will basically support the Gloydius to be anew genus.(3) Use cytochrome b gene in the phylogenetic studies and species identificationof Gloydius is feasible. The results of this paper show it can distinguish species andsubspecies, even differences between the same species of different geographic colonies can be distinguished. When solve some questions that insoluble form morphologicclassification, using cytochrome b gene as a molecular marker is very appropriate.(4) The evolutionary rate of Cyt b gene is in variety of variations, Gloydiusbrevicaudus's evolutionary rate of Cyt b gene is faster than other Gloydius snakes, butalso faster than the level of morphological evolution rate.(5) The cluster relationship of Gloydius in the ME tree, NJ tree and MP tree isbasically identify, and the phylogeny of Gloydius brevicaudus from differentgeographical colonies is basically identify. First, Gloydius brevicaudus from Shaanxihanyin and the ones from Shaanxi ningshan clustered together, and then the dustercombine with the ones from Anhui huangshan, finally they clustered with Gloydiusbrevicaudus from Zhejiang linan.(6) Gloydius brevicaudus is mainland China's most widely distributed Snakes, inthe East Asian region are widespread, its main distribution covers central and easternChina, the Korean Peninsula, thus it is very appropriate to reveal larger ecologicalgeography on the evolution of the genetic lineage Biogeography law. Basing on thephylogeny of Gloydius brevicaudus from different geographical colonies, integrate thetheory that Gloydius have two origin center and their distributing, we primary inferredGloydius brevicaudus origin from northeast of China. Its geographic differentiation isproliferation through the eastern plains of China from north to south first. Then alongboth sides of the Qinling Mountains from east to west formation two geographiccolonies located in the north and south of Qinling Mountains.