The Design And Application Of Distributed Snowmelt Runoff Model Based On The "3S" Technology

This paper established a model based on the "3S" technology, including the grid snowmelt model based on the energy balance, the grid flow model based on the water volume balance as well as the distributed grid runoff model, thus has formed a completely, with explicit physical conception, distributed snowmelt runoff model which Could apply to the actual service, and has carried it on the application and the confirmation in the typical basin. We had extracted basin information based on the highly resolution DEM, obtained distributed slope and gradient information of the basin, also got the river system and so on the related parameter information, has laid the foundation for the model's distributed input.According to our demands, had carried on a bigger adjustment of the "Degree-Day Model" which has widespread application nowadays, obtained the "Degree-Minute Snowmelt Model", with the actual data confirmation, the computed result has a higher precision, then the computing time stride of the snowmelt flood precaution decision support system could adjust at will, was allowed to use in the real-time computation and the forecast, and the union actual snowmelt process, in the model proposed an important concept called "Freezing-Thawing Coefficient", had the vital significance for the accurate assurance of the snowmelt process and its physical mechanism. Both the flow and the runoff computation of this model all based on DEM as well as the space and time differences of the ground surface, produced the runoff calculation one by one grid, all computations process parameters all have their physical mechanism and the significance distributed input parameters, by the way, introduced the important concepts such as "Pixel Infiltration Coefficient" and "Summer Ground Gain Vegetation Index". It's also carried on the integrity calculation and the parameters adjustment based on the Distributional Snowmelt Runoff Simulation System, with the typical study area, Juntanghu Basin, located in Hutubi County in Changji State, Xinjiang, China, the average relative error of the simulation result is below 18ï¼….