The Initial Study On The Microbial Migration On The Surface Of Glacier No.1 Of Tianshan Mountains

Microorganisms in glacier provide us "live fossil" for studies on evolution of life and environment on earth. Airborne algae, fungi, bacteria, and virus from local and distant ecosystems are blown and deposited on the surface of glaciers and then, following snowfall, are immured chronologically within the ice. Then the glacier, therefore, becomes the nature huge repositories of viable microorganisms. Subsequent recovery of microorganisms in ice should show the changes in quantity and community of microorganisms(including single species) at different deposition time. These microbial data could be related to other data such as temperature, geologic events, etc., which would lead to the establishment of bio-indicator of gradual and rapid climate change, and other physical phenomena. However, any historical records must be studied together with modern process to produce a systematic However, any historical records must be studied together with modern process to produce a reasonable referential system, and to deeply understand the essential nature of phenomenon. Based on the lack of available microbial information from glacier No.1 at the Headwaters of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains , making clear the microbial process of settlement and immigration is very meaningful. In addition, this study further proved that besides the three well-known reasons (illegally picking the Saussurea involucrate, pollution caused by fungal vinyl house and warm-house effects) for glacier No.1's retraction and damage, microorganisms is the fourth , but not the last one. Microorganisms has been found to triply improve the melting process of snow and ice of glacier.This study mainly focus on the culturable bacterial and fungal community of different topological sites at east branch of glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains. Furthermore, by using the 18s rRNA secondary structure information , a species of Cladosporium sp. was phylogenetically located. There are the results as follows:At different sites, the quantity of microorganisms differ dramatically. The seven topological different sites respectively represents the microbialcommunity of falling snow------the surface of glacier——the communitybrought to the downstream of the glacier------deposited deep in the glacierice and the moraine. Low temperature culture results:1. From the fresh new snow, no microorganism has been recovered, this demonstrates that although the microorganisms come to the surface of glacier mainly by binding with the dust particle, whether they will eventually fall on the glacier or the specific quantity is depending on many factors. The snow on the surface of glacier produce little bacteria, the quantity and diversity of fungi otherwise are more abundance, which might because the fungi mainly fall on the glacier with the snow or rain fall. Samples from ice slush and meltwater represent the downstream of the glacier. Microorganisms preserved in these samples came down through the loosen snow with meltwater and accumulate here. The moraine and glacier ice tongue stand for the historical records of microbial community, and therefore, much more strains are recovered.2. During the four months between the initial appearance of colonies and the closure of this study, isolates have been transfer to generations of cultures. These colonies gradually reduce the pigment they produce to protect themselves from UV radiation. This fact shows how sensitive and fast-reactive these microorganisms are.3. From east branch of glacier No.1 at the Headwaters of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains, there are 34 strains of bacteria and 13 strains of fungi isolated and they are located into eight families of bacteria and seven families of fungi. Obviously, despite the total amount of the fungi recovered are much less, the genetic diversity is much better.4. Through the traditional way of building phylogenetic trees, one species of Cladosporium sp. isolated could not be located genetically, while by calculating the secondary structural information of 18s rRNA, a much more understandable phylogenetic tree was built.