Polyrhachis Vicina Roger Ant Reproductive System And The Gametogenesis Microscopic Study

Polyrhachis Vicina Roger ant belongs to Hymenoptera Formicidae. Asone of the typical social insects, the group mostly consists of three castes:female(queen), male and worker. It exists widely in our country and is the only kind ofant for eating and medicinal herds, assigned by Ministry Health of the People's Republicof China since it is abundant in nutrition and officinal values. Now, it has beenexploited and used widely, but the natural kind has been destroyed badly by unlimitedgathering. Recently, many scholars have devoted themselves to studying how to breedthe Polyrhachis Vicina Roger ant by manpower, and gain some positive results, however,it does not meet the market demands yet. Consequently, studying the reproduction andgrowing of the Polyrhachis Vicina Roger ant has many important reality meanings.The Polyrhachis Vicina Roger ant is the material of this study. Dissecting itsreproductive system with living ones and studying its gamete with Morphology anatomy,Cytology and Histology, We obtain the following main results:We study the reproductive system by dissecting the living Polyrhachis VicinaRoger ant. According to the results, we can find that female(queen) reproductive systemis made up of ovary, lateral oviduct, common oviduct, spermatotheca, accessory glandand genital chamber, which is typical polytrophic type. Then the male reproductivesystem consists of testes, vas deferens, vas efferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct,male accessory gland and pygostyle. Moreover accessory gland is fully developed,seminal vesicle is unclear, male's testes and testicular follicle has degenerated before itflying, and the quantity of testicular follicle is different from the other kind of ants.Polyrhachis Vicina Roger ant on the different developmental stages (Fly before,Strong spawning period, Aging period) of ovarian development index and the index offemale accessory gland were compared. The results showed that the index of the largestovarian spawning period of strong is the largest and aging fly before followed as thesecond group, and that there were significant differences. It suggested that thereproductive capacity and the ovary development of ants related obviously, the largerthe value of ovarian development value, the greater their ability to lay eggs. Fly beforeovarian development is not perfect enough, thus the smallest ovarian development index.The female gland index of the strong spawning period was the highest, fly before ants and the aging period followed as the second, there are also significance differencesbetween them, and the ability to crack the eggs and the female gland development areclosely related. The larger the value, the greater its ability to lay eggs. Although flybefore is not strong, large female accessory gland development index shows that the risetime is in the development phase, and is the time to provide material preparation forovarian development after mating. The aging period ant youngest female accessorygland index shows that capabilities have been affected to a certain extent, and the abilityto adapt to the environment in the entire ant starts to decline.HE staining methods were used to study Polyrhachis Vicina Roger ant oogenesis.The results showed that the ant can divided into three phases 11 stage. The 3 phases iscomposed of oocyte differentiation phase, the oocyte growth phase of yolk formation. Inthe whole process, the oocytes, nurse cell and follicle cell morphology change. Inoocyte yolk formation and growth, the number of its nuclear trophoblast cell nucleoli,lamphrush chromosome with a strong synthetic material; oocytes also some syntheticmaterial; follicle cells in the yolk protein synthesis, provide access to exogenous yolkprotein. Therefore, oocytes from the yolk protein synthesis and the formation ofexogenous synthetic coexist; follicle cell is also involved in the formation of a shell eggyolk membrane. And it is found that oogenesis in Drosophila and ant is similar to theoocyte apoptosis. Yolk mainly occurred in the early stage of apoptosis, which may bedue to environmental factors such and is the adaptability of the adverse environmentalmeasures.The same methods were used to study ant spermatogenesis. The results showedthat the proliferative ants experienced spermatogenesis, grow and mature, which can berefined as spermatogonia period, primary spermatocyte period, second spermatocyteperiod, spermiogenesis and sperm maturation period. Spermatogenic cells in the period,its size, nuclear chromosomes have changed markedly. Spermatogenesis education isthe seminal vesicle for the same spermatocyst, the size of the nucleus is very similar tochromosomal changes, and the developmental level coincide. In the process of spermdevelopment, the line between small tubes is clear, but different sperm is not easy todistinguish, which are speculated to relate to shorter testicular follicle or spermatocystconnection existing between each other.