| AIM: Rare earths(REs) entered the food chains inevitably, as they were appliedextensively in agriculture and industry. Therefore, the negative effects of REs have drawn people's much attention. Learning and memory function is one of the most important functions of brain. In this paper, the effect of long-term intake of Y3+ at different dose on learning and memory function of rats, the expression of genes in rats' brain was studied to learn nervous-system toxicity of REs and to provide more information on the foundation of normal daily allowance intake .Methods: The rats were fed with water dissolved Y3+ at different level (0 mg·L-1,0.534 ·L-1, 53.4 mg·L-1, 5340 mg·L-1) for 6 months, The learning and memory function was observed by step-down test; Change of the anti-oxidative system and monoamine neurotransmitter of rats' brain was tested; The gene expression in brain tissue was detected with oligonucleotide microarray.Results: 1) Compared to the control, a significantly decrease in electric shockperiod and an increase in incubation period were observed for the low dose group, in contrast, a significantly increase in electric shock period and error times were observed for the high dose group; 2)No significantly changes in DA, NE, 5-HIAA, 5-HT, MDA and the activity of SOD, CAT, ROS were observed for the middle dose group, in contrast, a remarkably decrease in the concentration of 5-HT, 5-HIAA and a remarkably increase in the activity of ROS, MAO, MDA were observed; 3) 789 of genes express differentially including 507 over-expressed genes and 282 under-expressed genes in high dose group (5340 ·L-1), of which, most are related to cell receptor, cell signal and transmission, and ionic passage. 44 of genes are found to express differentially including 32 over-expressed genes and 12 under-expressed genes in low dose group (53.40 ·L-1), of which, most are related to cell skeleton and movement, immunity, and DNA binding protein by oligonucleotide microarray.
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