| Proteomics, a new-arising field, studying the dynamic expression of whole cellular proteins and their interactions, is an important portion of functional genomics and has been widely applied in various fields of life science regarding microorganisms, animals and plants.Rare earth elements, also called lanthanides, are 15 kinds of metals with similar properties. Showing a broad spectrum of applications in industry, agriculture and medicine, their bioeffects are imperative to be investigated. Biological nitrogen fixation provides all the plants on the globe with 75% of fixed nitrogen. Rhizobia, an important group of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, own plenty of advantages in biological science, such as simple genome structure and short culture period. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a kind of yeasts most close to human beings, not only due to its application in the food and beverage industry but also as a key model eukaryote organism in modern molecular biology and cell biology, just as the key model organism E. coli in prokaryotes. Proteomic approaches including high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and bioinformatics technique were used in this presentation to investigate the response of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA205 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae YM4271 to a kind of lanthanides, gadolinium.22 differently expressed proteins of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA205 in the absence/presence of gadolinium were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and identified by searching in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Among the 22 proteins, 9 proteins were remarkably up-regulated while 13 ones were significantly down-regulated. These proteins were classified into 8 functional categories including transporters, proteins for cellular defense, proteins involved in metabolism, and some proteins with unknown functions. Membrane proteins took a...
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