Systematic Study Of The Family Conocephalidae From China (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea)

The family Conocephalidae belongs to the superfamily Tettigonioidea, recorded 184 genera and 1080 species (subspecies) in the world. They are mainly distributed in Afrotropical region and Oriental region.This paper introduced morphology and classification system, progress of classification research, biology and economical importance, faunal characters and distribution in detail. In China, the family Conocephalidae are mainly distributed in Southern, Southwest and Central China. So far, 56 species are reported, belonging to 4 tribi 14 genera.This paper made a systematic study about Conocephalidae from China, 4 tribi, 14 genera with 68 species are recorded, and documents, synonyms, distributions of each species are listed. Among them, 48 species are described in morphological characters, which figures and photos are followed. Keys to genera and species are drawn up. In this study, 12 new species are found. Furthermore, 1 species are reported for the first time from China. All the type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University. In this paper, stridulatory organ of male tcgmina were used to diagnose in genera and species for the first time, and according to cladistic theory, phylogenetic relations about 14 genera of Concephalidae from China were studied throughout Hennig86 program.1. New species:1.1 Conanalus brevivalva sp. nov.Holotype ♀, Hunan: Mt.Yangming, 18 Aug., 2000, collected by Fu PengRemarks: This new species is allied to Conanalus pieli Tinkham,1943, but differs in : (1)Tegmina of female longer, overlapping; (2) Ovipositor shorter than length of body; (3) Prosternum unarmed; (4) Middle and hind femora with ventral spines.1.2 Conanalus axinus sp. nov.Holotype. <3\ Hunan: Mt. Yangming, 18 Aug., 2000, collected by Fu Peng; Paratypes.l $, Hunan: Xinning, collected by ZHU Pei-Bai, 2$$, other data same as holotype.Remarks: This new species is closely allied to Conanalus plicipennis Xia & Liu, 1990 and Conanalus pieli Tinkham, 1943. It differs from the former by: (l)Tegmina of female as long as a half of pronotum; (2)The end of subgenital plate of female narrow, slightly concave; and from the latter by: (l)Supra-anal plate of male modified into axe-shaped; (2)Tegmina of female overlapping.1.3 Euconocephalus longissimus sp. nov.Holotype S, Yingjiang,Yunnan, 20 Oct., 2003, coll. by Ou Xiaohong et al. Paratypes: 1 $, Tongbiguan, Yunnan, 24 Ota, 2003, coll. by Ou Xiaohong et al.Remarks: This new species obviously distinguished from known species of the genus in: (l)Body larger; (2) Fastigium of vertex obviously long, the length as 3 times as the radicus of eyes.1.4 Euconocephalus brevicaudatus sp. nov.Holotype $, Huaihua, Hunan, 21 July, 2004, collected by Wang Jianfeng & Wang Jiliang.Remarks: This new species is clearly allied to Euconocephalus brachyxiphus (Redtenbacher, 1891), but differs in: (1) Body larger; (2) Ovipositor shorter 5mm than length of hind femur.1.5 Pyrgocorypha acuminatissima sp. nov.Holotype S> Tianquan, Sichuan, 28 July, 2004, collected by Shi Fuming.Remarks: This new species is similar to Pyrgocorypha dorsalis (Walker, 1869), but differs in: (1) Body smaller; (2) Apex of tegmina narrow round; (3) Stridulatory file shuttle-shaped, with about 110 teeth.1.6 Pyrgocorypha brachyxipha sp. nov.Holotype $, Jinghong, Yunnan, 14 Sep., 1979, collected by Liu Guoqing. Remarks: This new species may be recognized from known species of the genus in: Fastigium of vertex short, as long as wide, oval; It is allied to Pyrgocorypha brevifastigiata sp.nov., but differs in: Ovipositor shorter than 1/2 length of hind femur, curved upward.1.7 Pyrgocorypha brevifastigiata sp. nov.Holotype $, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 17 May, 2004, collected by Liu Yushuang.Remarks: This new species distinguished from known species of this genus in: Fastigium of vertex short, as long as wide, oval; It is closed to Pyrgocorypha brachyxipha sp. nov., but differs in: Ovipositor straight, slightly shorter than length of hind femur.1.8 Pyrgocorypha curvatipennata sp. nov.Holotype $, Daozhen, Guizhou, 22 Aug., 2004, collected by Shi fuming.Remarks: This new species is allied to Pyrgocorypha dorsalis (Walker, 1869), but differ in: (1) Apex of fastigium of vertex obviously acute; (2) Apex of tegmina narrow rounded, curved upward.1.9 Pyrgocorypha longipennata sp. nov.Holotype $, Tengchong, Yunnan, 4 Oct., 2002, collected by Xue Huaijun. Paratype $, Jinghong, Yunnan, 14 Sep 1979, collected by Liu Guoqing.Remarks: This new species is similar to Pyrgocorypha gracilis Liu 1997, but differs in: (1) Tegmina obviously long, about 2 times as long as length of hind femur; (2) Cu2 vein thick, Rs vein separated from M vein; (3) Ovipositor straight, without broaded.1.10 Pyrgocorypha multispinosa sp. nov.Holotype $, Longlin, Yunnan, 12 Oct., 2002, collected by Situ Yingxian. Remarks: This new species distinguished from known species of the genus in: (1) Body large; (2) Tegmina well developed, apex yataghan-shaped; (3)Femur with long ventral spines.1.11 Pyrgocorypha robusta sp. nov.Holotype $, Libo, Guizhou, 19 Oct., 2000, collected by Shi Fuming.Remarks: This new species may be recognized from known species of the genus in: (1) Body strong, brown; (2) Apex of fastigium of vertex acute, slightly curved upward; (3) Back of head with several longitudinal stripes, expended to posterior margin of pronotum.1.12 Hexacentrus expansus sp. nov.Holotype $, Mt.Simian, Jiangjin, Chongqing, 31 July, 2003, collected by Wang Jianfeng et al. Paratype 3 c?(5\ 30 -31 July, 2003, other data same as holotype, 1 $, 1 Aug, 2003, other data same as holotype.Remarks: This new species is closed to H. inflatissimus Gorochov &Warcholowska-Sliwa, 1999 and H. yunnaneus Bey-Bienko, 1962, but differs from the former in: (1) Body obviously small; (2) Cu2 vein of male left tegmen long and straight; (3) Rs vein of male tegmina arising from about about apex of R vein; (4) Tegmina of female narrow, not reaching the apex of ovispositor; And from the latter in: 1) Body yellowish green, the third and fourth joints of tarsi blackish brown; (2) Cu2 vein of male left tegmen strong; (3) Rs vein of male tegmina arising from about apex of R vein, at base slightly curved; (4) Styli slender, longer than the half length of subgenital plate. 2. New record species:Palaeoagraecia ascenda Ingrish, 1998...