The Molecular Biogeograpgy Of Camponotus Japonicus Mayr In Qinling Mountains Based On Microsatellites Marker

Camponotus japonicus Mayr belongs to HYMENOPTERA, APOCRITA, ACULEATA, Formicoidea, Formicidae, Formicinae and Camponotus Mayr. It is a typical social insect widely distributed in Asia(Japan, Soviet Union, Korea, Southeast Asia, and northern region in China). Qinling mountains is the boundary of the north and the south on the geographical location, which traverse in central of China. It is not only watershed of the Yellow River and the Changjiang River water system, but also intersectant converge and transitional area between the North China and the South China region, its fauna have characteristic of genesis antiquity, transition between North and South, carrying on east and west, infiltrating one another and interleaving superposition effection. The research on Camponotus japonicus are poor in our country, the studies mainly central on the kin recognition, colony life circle, brain ultrastructure, nutritional components and so on. But the study of molecular biogeography of Camponotus japonicus in Qinling Mountains is still vacancy. Microsatellite DNA, the simple tandem repeat sequence, spreads all over the genome of eukaryotic genomes. Because of its high polymorphism and sensitivity, microsatellite DNA has already been an important method of molecular genetics study. It is the best variation in species solution in current, the strongest power of post of karyon DNA marker, especially for few genome DNA insects. When using polymorphism allele locus, sensitiveness and hypervariability of microsatellites to analyze the insect genetics, even can show its superiority. We took the microsatellites DNA as molecular marker from the angle of numerical value analyzation, dicussing roundly the relative connection of 19 different Camponotus japonicus geographical populations in order to show the variation of different populations and the relationship between them in the area of Qinling Mountains.These experiments selected 5 from the 8 pairs of primers by amplifying 19 geographical populations genome of Camponotus japonicus in Qinling Mountains and HuBei areas, we received the amplified segments of 186bp to 358bp. According to these results, transforming the amplified bands after denaturalizing be or not to 0 or 1,by data analysis system of spssll.O for clustering, transforming the original matrix to similar coefficient matrix by Jaccard coefficient with the arithmetic average Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) means, holding the similar coefficient matrix to clustering map, and respectively accounting allele, gene frequency, colony heterozygosity and population genetic distance. We want to discuss the formation of geograghical population and the varity of genetic diversity .The results are:1. These 19 geograghical populations clustered into 5 groups, the populations of Xunyang, Pingli and Ankang first formed a cluster, and then formed with Huoditang population and these 4 populations were lql group; the populations of Zhashui, Zhenan and Zhouzhi formed a cluster and these 3 populations were Iq2 group; the populations of Fenyukou, Xian and Louguantai formed a cluster and these 3 populations were Iq3 group; the populations of Nanzheng, Foping and Taibai formed a cluster and these 3 populations were Iq4 group; the populations of Cuihuashan, Yaan, Zhuxi and Jiugong mountain formed a cluster, finally formed with Wudang mountains and these 4 populations were Iq5 group except Cuihuashan.2. By ananlyzing the PCR results of 5 different geographical groups, it shows that the highest heterozygosity was 0.9252 in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains Zhouzhi area, the lowest genetic consistency, the highest genetic diversity and the greatest genetic aberrance. The average heterozygosity of lql, Iq3 and Iq4 groups took second place, the datum respective were 0.9112, 0.8889 and 0.9067; the lowest average heterozygosity group was 0.8595, the highest genetic consisitency, the lowest genetic diversity.and the smallest genetic aberrance.3. 5 geographical groups with genie average PIC respectively were 0.9043, 0.9236, 0.8927, 0.8991 and 0.8458, the results accorded almost with heterozygosity, both the gene average heterozygosity and with PIC all were the highest of Iq2 group in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains Zhouzhi area, and then Iq5 group outside the Qinling Mountains area were the lowest one. But microsatellite marker was not showing obvious differences of different populations average heterozygosity.4. On the basis of Nei D4 genetic distance expressions, it hasn't showed that the genetic distance among lql group in southern slope of Qinling Mountains Ankang area and Iq5 group outside the Qinling Mountains area were rathe than Iq2 group in northern slope Xian area, the former was 0. 9986., the latter was 0.9897, other groups took the...