| The Lysenko affair is a pseudoscientific case which occurred in Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during 1930's. It resulted in that the biological fundamental researches were draggled very much in Soviet comparing with those in western developed countries, and the medical and agricultural activities in Soviet were hugely disserved. Many socialistic countries which followed Soviet were affected and the genetics circle, even the whole world scientific field, was shook greatly by the case. It is vital to grope the history and to analyze the reasons of the emergence of Lysenkoism for learning the lessons drawn from others' mistakes.The Lysenko case, as the ramification of Russian-Soviet culture, was generated from the Soviet social conditions of the pragmatic economic construction, the arbitrary scientific system and the dogmatic ideology. The expansion of the Lysenko pseudoscience was based on the cultural background which originated from the tradition of the autocratic political culture as well as the tradition of the scientific culture lacking of the humanism environments.The Lysenko affair also influenced the process of natural sciences in China. However, its harmful effects in China were far slighter than in USSR. The omnifarious factors limited the prevalence of Lysenkoism in China, such as the execution of "double hundred" guideline, the convened Qingdao congress, the Chinese traditional cultures, for example, the complements of Confucianism with Taoism and the ideas of harmony without sameness, and the interactions of the Chinese native cultures with the exotic cultures.The distinguishable evolutions of Lysenko pseudoscientific case in China and USSR implied the complex relationships, which were incarnated by the restrictions of the political cultures to the scientific developments, by the penetrations of national cultures into the scientific developments and by the promotions of humanistic cultures to the scientific developments, between sciences and cultures.
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