| As the key region of the "West Exploitation", the arid land in northwestern China has a large impact on the ecological environment of its surrounding area and the whole country, because of its geographical and environmental uniqueness, its ecosystem frangibility and the disturbance from human activities. The research on the relationship between plant species distribution and climate, and on the prediction of species potential distribution, therefore, is significant theoretically and practically.128 plant species were selected from a vast amount of material and literature of the dominants and main companions species distributed in the northwestern arid area. Bioclimatic indexes derived from the Holdridge life zone classification system, such as biotemperature (BT), potential evapotranspitation (PE), precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration ratio (PER), as well as other indexes such as mean annual temperature, mean temperatures in the warmest month and in the coldest month etc., were used to calculate the bioclimatic variables of each species. The interaction between species and climate was analyzed, and an experiential classification of species' ecological climate was made. A quantitative analysis of the plant species and climate information was performed by TWINSPAN classification method. The quantitative classification was then compared with the result of experiential classification. Synthetically, 128 plant species were classified into four mega-ecoclimatic types: alpine meadow, forest-steppe, steppe (typical steppe and desert steppe), desert (steppe desert , typical desert and alpine desert). They include 17 ecological climate types:1) alpine meadow: Stipa aliena2) forest-steppe: Artemisia subdigitata, Caragana jubata, Hippophae rhamnoides3) steppe a: Artemisia desertorum4) steppe b: Stipa bungeana, Thymus mongolicum, Cleistogenes polyphylla, Stipa baicalensis, Stipa grandis5) steppe c: Festuca ovina. Caragana microphylla, Caragana roborovskyi, Filifolium sibiricum, Hedysarum gmelinii, Stipa przewalskyi, Artemisia anethifolia , Artemisia intramongolica, Artemisia laciniata, Caraganastenophylla, Hedysarum fruticosum, Hippolytia trifida, Nanophyton erinaceum, Prunus sibirica, Sabina vulgaris, Suaeda corniculata , Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Cleistogenes squarrosa6) steppe d: Festuca rubra subsp. Rubra, Stipa purpurea7) steppe - desert steppe a: Psammochloa mongolica, Reaumuria soongarica, Stipa kirghisorum8) steppe - desert steppe b: Artemisia giraldii, Artemisia halodendron, Puccinellia tenuiflora, Stipa krylovii, Artemisia gmelinii, Caragana korshinskii9) desert steppe: Agropyron desertorum, Agropyron mongolicum, Aneurolepidium chinense, Artemisia frigida. Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus, Convolvulus tragcanthoides, Cynanchum komarovii, Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria sibirica, Nitraria tangutorum, Stipa gobica, Stipa klemenzii, Suaede salsa, Agropyron cristatum, Ajania achillodes, Artemisia ordosica, Atraphaxis frutescens, Atraphaxis pungens, Atraphaxis virgata, Caragana intermedia, Kalidium cuspidatum, Reaumuria trigyna, Salsola laricifolia, Salsola passerina, Stipa orientalis, Suaeda physophora, Tetraena mongolica, ,Atriplex cana, Caragana brachypoda10) steppe desert - desert a: Caragana tibetica, Ceratoides lateens, Artemisia santolina, Cleistogenes songorica, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Artemisia sphaerocephalla, Artemisia terrae-albae, Nitraria roborowskii, Potaninia mongolica, Salicornia europaea, Tamarix ramosissima, Anabasis salsa11) steppe desert - desert b: Salsola abrotanoides, Stipa breviflora, Achnatherum splendens, Ajania fruticulosa, Artemisia borotalensis, Artemisia gracilescens, Artemisia kaschgarica, Brachanthemum nanschaicum, Kalidium foliatum, Salsola arbuscula , Stipa capillata, Kalidium gracile12) steppe desert - desert c: Haloxylon persicum, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Anabasis aphylla13) arid desert a: Brachanthemum gobicum, Ptilagrostis pelliotii, Salsola ruthenica, Stipa glareosa, Ta...
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