Conversion And Resonance From Gravitational Waves To Electromagnetic Waves In A Typical Binary System With Magnetic Dipole

The existence of gravitational waves is the direct consequence of Einstein's General Relativity. For years, many researchers have investigated the detection of gravitational waves (GWs). Several approaches have been studied and some of them have even been built and operated for decades. In this thesis, several theoretical coupling effects between gravitational waves and electromagnetic fields were investigated. A new method to watch GWs is investigated. In addition, we extend the Gaussian resonance detection scheme so that it is more realistic.Because of the weakness of GWs, enough magnitude of GWs generally needs extremely motion of massive matters, which can only be found in the space. Combined with the relic GWs of earlier universe, they are valid GWs sources. In recent years, large amount of related researches are on the emission of binary system, collide of black hole and so on. Many of these celestials are rounded by strong magnetic fields. In this case, the interaction between the GWs emitted by the celestials and such strong magnetic fields would be a possible hint to show the existence of GWs, which would be complementary to existed detectors such as LIGO, LISA, etc.. In this thesis, we investigate the conversion of quasi-spherical GWs to electromagnetic waves (EMWs), in which these celestial bodies emit GWs. By solving the Einstein-Maxwell equations the model followed, under certain boundary conditions, we get the analytic perturbative solutions of electromagnetic (EM) fields. The results show the characters of the perturbative EM waves produced by the GWs, which include the phase relations, polarization and so on. Moreover, the numerical estimations are given, which show that for the GWs emitted by a typical binary system with dipolar magnetic fields and located near the center of Galaxy, the maximal energy flux of perturbative EM fieldsreceived on earth might achieve 10" W/m . Detecting and distinguishing these perturbative EM fields would open a new window to watch GWs. Meanwhile, It is possible to give some useful suggestions for explaining the slightly non-uniformity of Cosmic Background Radiation (CRB) and the sources of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB).On the base of the research of the interaction between gravitational waves (gravitons) and electromagnetic fields (photons), Prof. Fangyu Li proposed a totally new scheme: Gaussian beam resonance detection scheme. Such a scheme says that the resonance would occur to give detectable signal photon fluxes due to GWs, whenGaussian beam, uniform static magnetic field and GWs exist in the same area. At the same time they satisfy some limits of their phase relations and so on. To propel this scheme to experiments, we firstly need the theoretical results on more realistic conditions. To do this, I firstly calculated the perturbative fields and get the exact solutions for these fields, which are exited by a plan GW that is propagating across an area with non-uniform static magnetic fields. We choose the distribution of Gaussian form for the non-uniform fields because this kind of distribution is easier to realize in experiments, therefore the solutions should be more realistic and reasonable. The solutions successfully avoid the standing wave boundary conditions, so that these expressions of perturbative fields can fit for more cases.Then, we replace the uniform static fields in the standard Gaussian resonance detection scheme into non-uniform ones with Gaussian distribution. According to calculation, we get the expression of resonant perturbative photon flux. This work should make the standard scheme more realistic and provide useful hint to the final valid experimental design.