The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Of The Spiders Heptathela Hangzhouensis And Ornithoctonus Huwena (Araneae)

Based on the study of the complete mitochondrial sequences of the spiders Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena, the molecular characteristics of the two mitochondrial sequences and the phylogenetics of Chelicerata and Araneae were studied in the present research.1. The Phylogenetic Relationship of Spiders Spiders belong to order Araneae in Arachinida, Chelicerata, Arthropoda. What belongs to Arachinida is the largest terrestrial group in the world except for insects, and Araneae is a large group of it. The order Araneae ranks seventh in global animal diversity. In the light of morphological evidences, Araneae is divided into two suborders, Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, and the latter is composed of two infraorders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Based on morphology, ecology, developmental biology, molecular biology and the evidence of fossil, the known phylogenetic relationship of Araneae was reviewed.2. A Review of the Phylogeny and Biology of Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena Heptathela hangzhouensis is a member of the family Liphistiidae belonging to suborder Mesothelae; Ornithoctonus huwena is of suborder Opisthothelae, infraorder Mygalomorphae. We discuss the phylogenetic level and biological characters of the two species.3. A Review of the Known Mitochondrial Sequences in ArthropodaComplete mitochondrial genome sequences are now available for 40 arthropods, more than for any other invertebrate phylum. In the last ten years, mitochondrial gene arrangement comparisons are emerging as a powerful new tool for resolving phylogenetic relationships. The application of mitochondrial gene and mitochondrial genome in analysis of phylogenetics in recent studies are summarized here.4. Long PCR Method Long PCR is a very important method in the study of genome and different from the normal PCR, so the principles of Long PCR method and themost important steps taken in its application are also mentioned.5. Sequence and Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial DNA for Heptathela hangzhouensis Result shows the size of the genome for Heptathela hangzhouensis is 14,215 bp. The genome encodes 22 tRNAs, 13 proteins, two ribosomal RNAs, large noncoding region and has the same gene arrangement as Limulus. The method of sequencing in our study and the biological characters of its complete mitochondrial genome are mentioned in detail.6. Sequence and Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial DNA for Ornithoctonus huwena Result shows the size of the genome for Ornithoctonus huwena is 13,874 bp. The genome encodes the normal 22 tRNAs, 13 proteins, two ribosomal RNAs and large noncoding region, but the secondary structures of its tRNAs are abnormal and gene arrangement is different from that of Limulus in six tRNAs and the large noncoding region. The method of sequencing in our study and the biological characters of its complete mitochondria] genome are mentioned as well.7. The Phylogenetic Analysis Based on the Two Complete Mitochondrial Sequences Until now, the amount of the complete mtDNA of Arthropoda that have been published is 40, most of them from Hexapoda, and only 6 of which are from chelicerates but no spiders. Now two spider species Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena were used to represent the most and more basal members in Araneae, respectively. Based on the mitochondrial genomes, the phylogeny of Chelicerata and Araneae were analyzed.