| Guanzhong Basin is located in Loess Plain, in the Basin, there is loess profile formed in Holocene. Meanwhile, Guanzhong Basin is one of the headstream of human culture. The author selects the Holocene environmental change in the Guanzhong Basin and its influence on human culture as the topic of the thesis.Beiliu profile lies in the Beiliu village, Weinan county, Shaanxi province; it also lies on the second terrace of the bank of You River. 4m thick profile of the Holocene loess exposes near a farm. It can be observed that the sediments of the Holocene loess is continuous and thus it reflects the environmental change and human activities since the Holocene. Meanwhile, Beiliu profile is a perfect one because it lies in the periphery of the Beiliu cultural relics. On the basis of outdoor observation and indoor experimental analysis, the author selects proxy substitute indexes, such as grain-size, magnetic susceptibility, CaCO3 and pH value, etc. Moreover, the thesis also calculates and investigates the remains of human activities kept in the profile. Through the comparison study of these climatic substitute indexes, the thesis reveals the process of the evolution of climatic environment and human culture in the Guanzhong Basin. Finally, the thesis investigates the relationship between the evolution of environment and that of human culture.The thesis draws the following conclusion:(l) the end of the last ice age ~ 8 500 a B.P., through comprehensive analysis of these proxy climatic substitute indexes reveals: this was a period in which the temperature risen and the precipitation increased, but it was mainly still dry and cold; there were flood deposits in the dust sediments of late stage. (2) 8 500 ~ 6 000 a B.P., according comprehensive analysis of these proxy climatic substitute indexes shows: this was a period in which the temperature was the highest and the precipitation was the greatest. (3) 6 000 - 5 000 a B.P., through comprehensive analysis of these proxy climatic substitute indexes indicates: this was a dry and cold period in which the temperature was the lowest and the precipitation was the least. (4) 5 000 ~ 3 100 a B.P., through comprehensiveanalysis of these proxy climatic substitute indexes indicates: this was another warmth and humidity period in which the temperature risen and the precipitation decreased, but the warmth and humidity were not as proper as those in the best period mentioned above. (5) Since 3 100 a B.P., through comprehensive analysis of these proxy climatic substitute indexes indicates: this was a dry and cold period in which the temperature fell the precipitation decreased.In the article, the author investigated and found the close relationship between the environmental change of the Holocene and human cultural development. In the beginning of Holocene, it was the shifting period from the New Stone Age to the Old Stone Age. During 8 500 ~ 6 000 a B.P. the temperature was the highest and the precipitation was the greatest, in the middle stage of this period was Laoguantai culture; and after that there appeared Yangshao early culture. During 6 000 ~ 5 000 a B.P. the climate was dry and cold, in the early stage of this period appeared Yangshao middle culture-the prosperous culture of Miaodigou type, and in the late stage there was Yangshao late culture-the culture of Xiwang village type. During 5 000 ~ 3 100 a B.P. the climate was warmth and humidity, in the early stage was Longshan culture, and in the early-middle stage the human culture developed and it entered into period of Xiashang civilizition. Since 3 100 a B.P. human civilization further developed and the human' s influence on the environment was greater in intensity and wider in range. |
