| Guizhou, a province of southwest China, is located in the central part of the biggest karst area in China and even in the world, where lots of caves are developed with typical characteristics, complicated structure, various types and special cave animals. Therefore, answers to many karst theoretical problems in the world depend on the research of southern China karst, as is a basis for the cooperation between China and other countries, and also a hot and bright spot in the light of cave animal study for China. Due to inadequate understanding to cave animals and their value, effect of human's living and producing activities, for a long time, is close to or overruns the bearing capacity of cave animals. Human being, directly or indirectly, has made damage and pollution to cave animals, which leads to the change of flow and cycle of material and energy in cave, malformation of natural compounding and function of cave animals, destruction of harmonious state between cave animals and their environment, obvious change of cave animal's diversity, and they are momentous loss to both human being and cave animals.According to the environment features inside and outside caves in Guizhou and current development of cave creature study home and abroad, making use of karstology, environment science, ecology, zoology and the theory of human-land relation, and through combining microscale with macroscale, component with system, field investigation with interview, and theory with experiment, the author chooses Guiyang, Anshun, Pingba and Honglin, where human activities are frequent and strong, to make a macroscopical investigation on animals and environment, and selects some typical caves in Honglin to make a comparison study on environment features inside and outside the caves, biodiversity and present situation of plant society, and adaptability of cave animals to environment, and analyzes theoretically the effects of human activities on the cave animals and evaluates objectively the development potential of cave animal resource.The theoretical analysis shows that any human activities, responsible for the changes of rock, air, water, soil and biology inside or outside the caves, will influence inevitably caveanimals in terms of such levels as molecule, cell organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, individual, population, society and ecosystem. These effects can be observed on cave animal's shape-building, activity, tissue structure, metabolism, space-time distribution, biothythm, structure of population and society, food chain, bio-relation, diversity of population and society, and function of the above-mentioned levels.The case study shows that the compounding and distribution of the cave animals has changed under the interference of human activities in the studied area, in detail, the change of the amount of such animals as mosquito and fly, the reduction of the amount of bat, the aberrance of the amount and body size of Oreolalaxrhohostig metu stadpole, the death of bat, the shape change of Diestrammena marmorata, the change of population and community, the change of bio-relation, the weakening of eco-function, and some special adaptive form. Meanwhile, the study also shows that the diversity of studied cave animals is inversely proportional to human population density and water quality; and bio-diversity, to some extent, is proportional to soil fertility and amount of chemical fertilizer, but inversely when excessive; the correlativity between bio-diversity and vegetation cover rate is not obvious, when ground vegetation is strongly interfered by human being; the amount of Diestrammena marmorata is proportional to the diversity of plant, and inversely proportional to soil fertility, and in a way, to water quality; and the correlativity between community and water quality and soil fertility, and between water quality and the amount of mosquito and fly, is not as good as expected. The author points out that Diestrammena marmorata, bat, mosquito, fly, Oreolalaxrhohostig metus (or Cudata), and fish can be ch...
|
PDF Full Text Request