| PrefaceWith the increase of age, the number of nerve cells in brain gradually decreases, cell structure and function also take place changes. Because of the senility of cell function in old people, nerve cells concerning learning and memory also happen relative changes, which lead to decline in ability of learning and memory for old people in normal physiological scope. In addition, learning and memory deficit is a symptom of many encephalopathy and general diseases, the patients with serious cognition deficit occur dementia.Xanthoceras sorbifolia saponin ( Xas) is a latest developed traditional Chinese medicine monomer. It has the function of curing bed -wetting in children. During the research, the medicine was found to seem to improve cerebral function, so it can be supposed to have the effect on ability of learning and memory. At present, there are no national and international reports in this aspect. So we observed the effect of Xas on ability of learning and memory in normal mice and in mice with memory deficits, and detected the activity of AchE in hippocampus and NGF in submaxillary gland to discuss mechanism of action of this medicine.Materials and Methods1. The effect of Xas on ability of learning and memory in normal miceMice were randomly grouped into blank control, piracetam group and Xas groups. Each group received ig administration for successive 15 days, then step - through test was adapted to train mice 1 hour after the last administration. The footshock latency and the number of errors in 5 - min period were observed and recorded. The test was given 24 h following the training test. If a mouse didnt enter the dark room within 5 min, the latency was assigned a score of 300s.2. The effect of Xas on the impairment of learning and memory induced by chemical drugs in miceMice were randomly grouped into blank control, pattern group, piracetam group and Xas groups. Each group received ig administration for successive 10 days, then make mice pattern with memory deficits.Memory acquistion deficit pattern, a blank control group received ip of equivalent normal saline, the remaining 5 groups received ip of 5mg/kg scopolamine hydrobromide at Ihour after last administration. 30mins later, step - down test was used to train mice, the test was given after 24 hour. The footshock latency and the number of error in 5 - min period were observed and recorded.Memory consolidation deficit pattern, step - down test was adapted to train mice at 1 hour after the last administration, and then a blank control group received sc of equivalent normal saline, the remaining 5 groups received sc of 120mg/kg sodium nitrite, 24 hours later, the test was given.Memory retrieval deficit pattern, step - through test was adapted to train mice at 1 hour after the last administration, the test was given after 24 hour. A blank control group received ig of equivalent normal saline, the remaining 5 groups received ig of 10ml/kg 40% alcohol at 30min before repeated test.Spatial resolution deficit pattern, after administration for 10 days, water maze test was adapted to train mice for successive 5 days. A blank control group received ip of equivalent normal saline, the remaining 5 groups received ip of 15mg/kg pentobarbital sodium at 30min before training everyday, mice were administrated 1 time during training. The time of reaching termination and the number of errors in 2 - min period were recorded. If a mouse didn't reach termination within 2 min, the time was assigned a score of 120s.3. The effect of Xas on AchE in hippocampus and NGF in sub-maxillary glandMice were randomly grouped into blank control, Xas groups. After administrated for successive 10 days, mice were anesthetized by sodium phenobarbital, carried out heart perfusion 30min with 2% paraformaldehyde, then extracted hippocampus and submaxillary gland, made frozen sections.Frozen sections of hippocampus were detected under light microscope after incubation (37℃ ,60min) , washing, sealing the sections.Frozen sections of submax...
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