| Poplar canker is an important disease on poplar whose pathogen is Dothrorella gregaria Sacc.. This fungus is infectious even when it is in latency. The development of the disease is decided by the susceptibility of a given tree. To understand the molecular mechanism of the resistance to this disease, and set-up a marker-assisted system for the early selection in the breeding program, we have constructed a linkage map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers.The map was constructed using Maoxin ( Populus tomentosa × P. Alba var. pyramidalis) × maomai (Populus tomentosa) hybrid population. We have obtained 662 markers using 19 PstI/Tru1I(Mse1)primer pairs and 4 EcoRI/Tru1I primer pairs, of which 43.2% has 3:1 in segregation, 14.5% appears to be non-parental heteroduplex, and 48.8% is distorted.239 markers have been mapped into 22 linkage groups (each including 4 loci or more), and the integrated map is 4418 cM in length, with an average locus interval of 18.5 cM. Linkage group LG1 is the largest one and covers 553 cM with 26 markers. The densest linkage group is LG13 with an average interval of 6.7 cM in length. There are duplicated loci for 8 markers, and 7 markers link to one of markers in a linkage group but cann't be mapped into that group. In addition, there are 15 minor groups harboring 2-3 markers belong to the parents. Moreover, 13 and 21 groups belong to paternal and maternal parent, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first linkage map contructed on Maoxin ( Populus tomentosa × P. Alba var. pyramidalis) ×maomai(Populus tomentosa).
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