Studies On The Cortical Ciliature And Pigment Granule Of Blepharisma Americanum(Heterotrichida, Ciliphora)

Protozoa Blepharisma was first set up by Switzerland protozoa scientist Perry in 1852, it has been studied by scientists for nearly 160 years. It has been widely recognized as a polyphyletic assemblage after long time research. Corliss divided Heterotrichea into six suborder: Heterotrichina,Amophorina,Coliophorina,Licophorina,Plagiotomina according to oral area cilia pattern, and he attributed these six suborder into Spirotricha. Lynn thought that Heterotrichea only contain Spirotricha.Heterotrichea usually has a large individual volume, could be saw by eyes, easily cultivated, has a reasonable excellent flexibility, strong power of regeneration and has the same cilia pattern which covers all over the cell. They were ideal research object on account of these excellent characteristics. Scientists have been done research mainly on extrusome,muciferous body,mucous trichocyst,while there were few research on inter symbiont and granule pigment. These functional organelle have totally different structure and function while similar cilia organelle have different structure and function. In the process of the collection of protozoa, we found a kind of Heterotrichea Blepharisma. americanum. Its morphology characteristics were basically same as Suzuki found in 1953. There were many research on the composition and function of pheromone, polymerase,γtublin gene segment and genetics while the research on cortical, morphogenesis and the differentiation characteristics of body cilia were seldom reported. The author make carefully observation of morphology and morphogenesis using the method of Flutax direct fluorescent-labeled. At the same time make observation of pigment granule under pencile and the swelling and rupture of cell under strong light using differential interference contrast microscopy. At the same time the author make observation of ultra microstructure using SEM and TEM.1 The cortical morphology and morphogenesis of Blepharisma americanum The result of the method of Flutax direct fluorescent-labeled indicate that:BIepharisma americanum has an ample pyriform and the whole cell were red. The frontier of the cell is slim while the real end is round. The length of the adoral zone of membranelles(AZM) take up about 1/2 of the whole cell. It originated from the frontier of the cell and extends to the middle of the cell. It locates on the left of the frontier of the adroal. The umbrane locates at the left of the cell, the length of the UM is about 2/3 of the adroal zone of membrane(AZM). The surface of the cell were covered with same type of cilia. The body cilia which distributed along the cell and cover all over the surface of cell. Kinetodesma under pencile. During the process of morphogenesis, the mouthparts of the opisthe is originated at the first row of body cilia, the mouthparts of proter were founded at the location of old adoral zone of membrane, the morphogenesis of opisthe earlier than the regeneration of old adoral zone of membrane, the regeneration of old adoral zone of membrane happened when the new adoral zone of membrane were generated. New body cilia originated between every two cilia among the old row of body cilia. And then the old and new body cilia composition of the new body cilia together. The result show that:the cortical constructure of old cell not only play the role of location and induction but also make contribution of material and constructure. The adoral zone of membrane of proter experience the process of regeneration.2 The observatin of pigment granule of Blepharisma americanum Differential interference contrast microscopy showed that the cell present red or faint red colors, the cell has excellent flexibility. Contractile vacuole and food vacuole could be easily observed under pencile, the color of cell is on account of the pigment granules, they maintain the color of cell. Pigment granules distribute regularly under the membrane and have basically the same volume. They locate besides the kinetodesma of the cell. Cell swimming actively under dark light and pigment granule could be seen even without microscopy. While the light were generally activated, the pigment granules will collapse and swelling and cytoplasm would be flow out of cell on account of the impact of strong light. The process of the light induced swelling and death of cell is some kind of protection of cell.3 The microstructure observation of Blepharisma americanum The result of the application of TEM and SEM show that the surface of Blepharisma americanum have small granule shape protuberance, there are many grove on the surface of the cell. It is cilia grove and the body cilia were grow among them. The body cilia is the same type and long which covers all over the body. After the magnification show that:the surface area of the cell of normal nutrition stage cell is smooth and there were not any other material attach on the surface, however, sometimes there could be observed some depression. Cells would be conjugation to generation under some bad condition such as the lack of nutrition. Adoral zone of membrane were made up of parallel cilia row, each cilia row were composed by two row of parallel cilia. The pigment granule and inner cell constructure were abundant. Besides there were many food vacuole and food granule which have not yet digest by the cell.