The Diversity Of Air Microbial Communities From Sandstorm Source Areas Of The Taklamakan Desert In Xinjiang

TaklaMakan Desert in Xinjiang, which is the largest flow desert in China and one of three largest sandstorm source in Asia, is one of sandstorm origin source area in the world. To understand microbial diversity of different regions of this source area, air bacterial and fungal diversities were detected by pure culture and independent methods,the carbon metabolic diversity was studied by using the BIOLOG ecology microplate (BIOLOG ECO plateTM ).Bacteria and fungus of 23 air samples were conducted on plates of R2A medium, in total 140 strains of bacteria and 18 strains of fungi were obtained. Molecular identification showed 66 strains were Actinobacteria (47.1%), Arthrobacter and Streptomyces for dominant genera; 37 strains were Proteobacteria (26.4%), Paracoccus and Pseudomonas for dominant genera; 31 strains were Firmicutes (22.1%), Bacillus predominates; 6 strains were Bacteroidetes (4.3%). 18 strains of fungi were all Ascomycota.Air bacterial and fungal community diversity were analysized by Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) method. The results revealed that bacteria groups can be divided into 13 division 185 genera, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria for the advantage group; the air bacterial community revealed regional feature, and the dominant group differed in species and abundance in different areas. And the air fungal groups was very rich; the fungal groups belong to 3 division 46 genera, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota for the preponderant group;fungal community had similarities and differences in different regions; the dominant group differed in species and abundance in different areas.Air samples were collected from the five locations that around the edge of Takla Makan desert, which are Hotan, Pishan, Shache, Ulugqat and Luntai. Community metabolic characteristics of these samples were studied by using BIOLOG ecological microplate, the results showed the carbon sources provided by BIOLOG ECO plate were utilized slowly by air microbial communities and presented significant differences; the polymer, carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acid were mainly used; Canonical correspondence analysis showed that these differences may be affected by some abiotic factors (longitude and altitude, temperature, etc.).In conclusion, the air bacterial and fungal diversities in the taklamakan desert were abundant and the dominant phyla of bacteria and fungus were diverse in different regions, carbon metabolism level is low, the similarities and differences may be related to abiotic factors.