Study On The Population Genetic Structure Of Generalized Odorrana Schmackeri Based On Mtdna Sequences

Odorrana schmackeri belongs to Odorrana of Raninae. It mainly distributes in subtropical and tropical regions of China,including Northern west China, Southern west China, Eastern China,Center China and Southern China. So far no research has investigated the genetic differentiation and structure of Odorrana schmackeri.For better protection and utilization of Odorrana schmackeri,the knowledge of its population genetics is essential.This paper studied on genetic structure of 12 populations in Odorrana schmackeri with mitochondrial gene sequences.In this paper, Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and dideoxy direct sequencing methods were used to analyze the genetic variation of Odorrana schmackeri from 12 different populations:NZ population,LC population,GJY population,LCG population,WF population,BK population,QMC population,WYS population,JK population,HS population and TMS population. A total of 1830 base pairs of the mitochondrial 12SrRNA (774bp) and 16SrRNA (1056bp) genes were sequenced in 118 samples to analysis the genetic structure and genetic diversity of Odorrana schmackeri.By comparing sequences of the mtDNA 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA in 118 individuals from twelve populations.we found 295 variable sites, twenty-five haplotypes were defined. Among the twenty-five haplotypes,H1,H2 and H3 were shared haplotypes.The overall species diversity(h)and nucleotide diversity(π) were 0.05122±.00099 and 0.837±0.023. This is corresponding to huge population size and extensive distribution of Odorrana schmackeri throughout Oriental Regions.The nucleotide diversity(π) and haplotype diversity(h) of NZ population,LCG population,GJY population were high.The haplotypes of these populations were clustered into both B clad and C clad,which may come from different ancestral populations and have secondary contact. QMC population,WYS population,LGS population,HS population and JK population had higher haplotype diversity(h) and lower nucleotide diversity(π) ,these populations may grow up from a small size population. LC population, BK population ,WF population and TMS population had lower haplotype diversity(h) ,which may result from bottleneck effect.The value of Fst and Dxy suggested that the level of genetic differentiation among LGS population,JK population,WYS population was low,but the three populations showed higher genetic differentiation level compared with the other populations.Frequent gene glow happened between HS population and TMS population,also between BK population and QMC population.There was no abvious differention between GJY population and BK population, QMC population, NZ population, LC population, LCG population, WF population.The geographical distribution of haplotypes and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) suggested that there was marked genetic differentiation within populations and among groups. The most possible cause might be referred to the effect of Quaternary glaciation.